{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:19:58Z","timestamp":1792790398077,"version":"4.5.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":111,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["R01MH128344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH128344"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R01MH110594"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH110594"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R01MH116937"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH116937"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["P50MH10643"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50MH10643"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","award":["T32GM007200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM007200"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04q48ey07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Human decision-makers differ in how they value and trade off reward, risk, and information when evaluating future gains and losses, and these preferences are central to well-being. However, how multi-attribute economic valuation relates to psychopathology remains unclear. Here, 1,954 individuals completed a transdiagnostic symptom battery and a multi-attribute decision-making task that independently manipulated expected reward, reward uncertainty, and non-instrumental information under matched gain and loss contexts. On average, when choosing among gains, participants preferred larger rewards, avoided risk, and sought advance information. When choosing among losses, they still preferred better outcomes and advance information, but less strongly. Their risk preference, by contrast, reversed, from risk-averse to risk-seeking. Substantial individual variability accompanied these population-level context effects, and different patterns of variability were associated with separate dimensions of psychopathology. Anxious\u2013 depressive and social withdrawal symptoms were associated with increased reward sensitivity across contexts, whereas compulsive\u2013intrusive symptoms were associated with reduced reward sensitivity. Symptom-related differences in risk and information preferences were not fully explained by a uniform scaling of overall economic sensitivity, revealing additional attribute- and context-specific variation. A data-driven analysis summarized these symptom\u2013preference associations in a single latent dimension that contrasted compulsive\u2013intrusive symptoms with anxious\u2013depressive and social withdrawal symptoms. An independently identified subgroup that strongly sought information about gains but avoided it about losses mirrored this profile and was enriched for compulsive\u2013intrusive symptoms. These findings reveal structured, low-dimensional variation linking multi-attribute decision-making to psychopathology and could support a dimensional, task-based approach to psychiatric nosology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.09.09.750300","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:35:18Z","timestamp":1789486518000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A dimensional link between gain\u2013loss economic preferences and psychopathology"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6347-6749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang-Yang","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA."},{"name":"Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA."},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0057-7929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilya E.","family":"Monosov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA."},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA."},{"name":"Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.43.4.972"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2009.09.004"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2357"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00853.2009"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2012.06.001"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1914185"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.11.018"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2723"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4238"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e816","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(22)00152-2","article-title":"The Promise of a Model-Based Psychiatry: Building Computational Models of Mental Ill Health","volume":"4","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Lancet Digital Health"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702614565359"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01079-2","article-title":"Interactions between ventrolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex during learning and behavioural change","volume":"47","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1407535111"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0702-15.2015"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-071714-033928"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.11305"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.17","first-page":"932","article-title":"Carving Out New Transdiagnostic Dimensions for Research in Mental Health","volume":"5","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geb.2010.01.006","article-title":"Paying for Confidence: An Experimental Study of the Demand for Non-Instrumental Information","volume":"70","year":"2010","journal-title":"Games and Economic Behavior"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/jel.20151245"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1037\/dec0000068","article-title":"Information Gaps: A Theory of Preferences Regarding the Presence and Absence of Information","volume":"5","year":"2018","journal-title":"Decision"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1820145116"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1800547115"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01511-4"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2015.11.002"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7385","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10813-9","article-title":"Anxiety increases information-seeking in response to large changes","volume":"12","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000966"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7062","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27046-5","article-title":"Individual differences in information-seeking","volume":"12","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.28","unstructured":"Dezza, I. C. , Schulz, E. & Wu, C. M . The Drive for Knowledge (Cambridge University Press, 2022)."},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2415236121"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1207144109"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.12.010"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114341","article-title":"Dorsal raphe neurons integrate the values of reward amount, delay, and uncertainty in multi-attribute decision-making","volume":"43","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00122574"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910230107"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0400-07.2007"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.05.014"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2012.04.011"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8096","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9096","article-title":"Contextual modulation of value signals in reward and punishment learning","volume":"6","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2016.07.003","article-title":"Choice variability and suboptimality in uncertain environments","volume":"11","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0518-9"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-019-0793-1","article-title":"How people decide what they want to know","volume":"4","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Human Behaviour"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4726-08.2009"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.05.013"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0040004","article-title":"Serotonin, Inhibition, and Negative Mood","volume":"4","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLOS Computational Biology"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.02.007"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000122"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185606","article-title":"Depression, Stress, and Anhedonia: Toward a Synthesis and Integrated Model","volume":"10","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.1713","article-title":"Association of neural and emotional impacts of reward prediction errors with major depression","volume":"74","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.08.018","article-title":"Ventral frontostriatal circuitry mediates the computation of reinforcement from symbolic gains and losses","volume":"112","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2008.08.003"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ilango, A. , Shumake, J. , Wetzel, W. , Scheich, H. & Ohl, F. W . The role of dopamine in the context of aversive stimuli with particular reference to acoustically signaled avoidance learning. Frontiers in Neuroscience 6, 132 (2012).","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2012.00132"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0047-3"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)70275-5","article-title":"Computational psychiatry: The brain as a phantastic organ","volume":"1","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.07.008","article-title":"Translational Perspectives for Computational Neuroimaging","volume":"87","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.07.009"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09091379"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702613497473"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000258"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-101220-014053"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelly, J. R. et al. Psychedelic Therapy\u2019s Transdiagnostic Effects: A Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Perspective. Frontiers in Psychiatry 12, 800072 (2021).","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.800072"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.12.017"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4542","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31918-9","article-title":"Value-free random exploration is linked to impulsivity","volume":"13","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4179","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17977-w","article-title":"Associations between aversive learning processes and transdiagnostic psychiatric symptoms in a general population sample","volume":"11","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hunter, L. E. , Meer, E. A. , Gillan, C. M. , Hsu, M. & Daw, N. D . Increased and biased deliberation in social anxiety. Nature Human Behaviour 1\u20139 (2021).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-021-01180-y"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59646-4","article-title":"Transdiagnostic phenotyping reveals a host of metacognitive deficits implicated in compulsivity","volume":"10","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/s44184-022-00009-4","article-title":"Psychiatrically relevant signatures of domain-general decision-making and metacognition in the general population","volume":"1","year":"2022","journal-title":"npj Mental Health Research"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.05.013"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37802-1","article-title":"The transdiagnostic structure of mental effort avoidance","volume":"9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fox, C. A. et al. Reliable, rapid, and remote measurement of metacognitive bias. Scientific Reports 14, 14941 (2024).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-64900-0"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2221510120"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/s44220-023-00062-8","article-title":"How do confidence and self-beliefs relate in psychopathology: a transdiagnostic approach","volume":"1","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Mental Health"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1954"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2518826123","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2518826123","article-title":"Decisional reference point pathology: A cognitive mechanism for and a correlate of major depressive disorder in humans","volume":"123","year":"2026","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.05.065"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2019.02.003"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.76","unstructured":"Monosov, I. E. A framework for single and multi-agent human-AI curiosity ecosystems (2026). arXiv:2607.06214."},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/w2cbs"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2015.07.010"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.2307\/2232929","article-title":"Anticipation and the valuation of delayed consumption","volume":"97","year":"1987","journal-title":"Economic Journal"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3789","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20221227","article-title":"Decisions under risk are decisions under complexity","volume":"114","year":"2024","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjad025","article-title":"Cognitive uncertainty","volume":"138","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2005.10.003"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.83","unstructured":"Guan, M. , Oprea, R. & Yuksel, S . Beyond instrumental value: How complexity shapes information demand (2025). Working paper."},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13135-z","article-title":"A neural network for information seeking","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.06.009"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1701381"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huys, Q. J. , Pizzagalli, D. A. , Bogdan, R. & Dayan, P . Mapping anhedonia onto reinforcement learning: A behavioural meta-analysis. Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders 3, 12 (2013).","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-5380-3-12"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.03.001"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006598"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-080317-062007"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung, D. et al. Valuation in major depression is intact and stable in a non-learning environment. Scientific Reports 7, 44374 (2017).","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44374"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.44"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.12.003"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00028-6"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strauss, A. Y. et al. Why check? a meta-analysis of checking in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Threat vs. distrust of senses. Clinical Psychology Review 75, 101807 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Champion, S. M. & Grisham, J. R . Excessive reassurance seeking versus compulsive checking in ocd: Comparing implicit motivators and mechanisms. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 75, 101720 (2022).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2021.101720"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.08.011"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.05.001"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moutoussis, M. , Trujillo-Barreto, N. J. , El-Deredy, W. , Dolan, R. J. & Friston, K. J . A formal model of interpersonal inference. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8, 160 (2014).","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00160"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.05.030","article-title":"Ventral anterior cingulate cortex and social decision-making","volume":"92","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.02.029"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thyagaraj, Y. , Topel, S. & Charpentier, C. J . Biased information-seeking and information-integration in social anxiety. Current Opinion in Psychology 62, 102002 (2025).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2025.102002"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2014.12.011","article-title":"Dysfunctional reward processing in depression","volume":"4","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychology"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/S41583-018-0029-9"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045037","article-title":"Machine learning approaches for clinical psychology and psychiatry","volume":"14","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2024.102881","article-title":"Ethological computational psychiatry: Challenges and opportunities","volume":"86","year":"2024","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-021621-124910"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.50.2.317"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000078"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.110","first-page":"1049","article-title":"Models for longitudinal data: A generalized estimating equation approach","volume":"44","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biometrics. Journal of the International Biometric Society"},{"key":"2026091823001278000_2026.09.09.750300v1.111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028085"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.09.09.750300","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T06:00:28Z","timestamp":1789797628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.09.09.750300"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"references-count":111,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.09.09.750300","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}