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Multiplex imaging analysis revealed a less differentiated profile for follicular helper CD4 T cells (T\n                  <jats:sub>FH<\/jats:sub>\n                  ) and significantly increased follicular CD25\n                  <jats:sup>lo\/hi<\/jats:sup>\n                  Foxp3\n                  <jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>\n                  T cells in lymph nodes (LNs) from antiretroviral treated (cART) compared to viremic (Vir) people living with HIV (PLWH). Spatial transcriptomics identified distinct inflammatory follicular microenvironments in Vir and cART LNs, characterized by interferon and eicosanoid enrichment, respectively. In an independent cohort, scRNA-sequencing analysis of LN-derived cells revealed an enrichment of eicosanoid-related pathways in follicular immune cell types in non-neutralizers compared to neutralizers PLWH.\n                  <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                  infection and\n                  <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                  multimodal investigation of HIV DNA\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  cell microenvironments suggested a potential role of PGE\n                  <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                  \/Eicosanoids in maintaining viral reservoirs in cART LNs. Our data highlight cellular and molecular factors that could regulate both antibody responses and viral reservoir persistence in PLWH.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Keywords: Follicular Helper CD4 cells, HIV, germinal centre, interferons, eicosanoids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.09.09.750310","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T04:05:21Z","timestamp":1789445121000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An eicosanoid-enriched follicular microenvironment shapes germinal centre immune dynamics in antiretroviral-treated PLWH"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9398-3143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spiros","family":"Georgakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Lindsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Data Science Center, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michail","family":"Orfanakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Lukas","family":"Rinker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Data Science Center, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perla Mariana Del Rio","family":"Estrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riddhima","family":"Banga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cloe","family":"Brenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senbai","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Data Science Center, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Torres-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yara Andrea Luna","family":"Villalobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo Salgado","family":"Montes de Oca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Perreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mareva","family":"Delporte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Cure Research Center (HCRC), Ghent, Belgium; 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