{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T07:25:57Z","timestamp":1789802757635,"version":"4.0.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":44,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["ASUB00001092 (Grant Number 744681)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASUB00001092 (Grant Number 744681)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sensory integration within antennal lobe (AL) is thought to play a role in the guidance of odor tracking, though while responses to olfactory input within the AL have been well-studied, responses to mechanosensory stimuli, in the form of wind speed, have received less scrutiny. Recent experimental work has systematically characterized mechanosensory responses of individual neurons within the AL, showing four distinct response patterns, labeled as sustained, transient, biphasic, and offset types; furthermore, these experiments have demonstrated that the distribution of response patterns, as well as the response type of a fixed neuron, can vary with stimulus intensity (wind speed). In this work, we develop a realistic biophysical model of the AL and, using this model, we show that internal AL dynamics are capable of generating the response patterns observed experimentally \u2013 namely, we find that response type is determined by the interplay of slow synaptic inhibition, an intrinsic calcium-dependent potassium (SK) current, and stimulus strength, and hence that a heterogeneous distribution of slow inhibition and SK current strength across the AL can lead to the emergence of all four types at a fixed wind speed. Moreover, similar to experiment, we find that the distribution of response patterns across the AL changes with wind speed. Finally, we examine the distribution of response types in the presence of a simulated odor stimulus as well as odor separation by the AL in the presence versus absence of a strong mechanosensory signal.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Significance Statement<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Odor tracking is a critical for insects, requiring integration of chemosensory (odor) with mechanosensory (wind speed) input. The antennal lobe (AL), the first structure in the insect olfactory pathway, has been extensively studied within the context of odor encoding, but less so in terms of mechanosensory responses. Recent experiments, reported in a companion paper, have systematically studied AL responses to mechanosensory input. In this work, we develop a computational model of the AL to study the network mechanisms that give rise to these empirically observed response patterns. Characterizing the responses of AL neurons to mechanosensory input, and elucidating the network dynamics that give rise to these response patterns, is crucial to understanding sensory integration within the AL.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.09.09.750382","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T22:50:14Z","timestamp":1789512614000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antennal Lobe Dynamics And The Generation Of Diverse Response Patterns To Mechanosensory Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Reed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, William & Mary; Williamsburg, VA, 23185; USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mainak","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, William & Mary; Williamsburg, VA, 23185; USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026091823551220000_2026.09.09.750382v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0044-17.2017"},{"key":"2026091823551220000_2026.09.09.750382v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Baker , G. Vasan , A. Gumaste , V. Pieribone , and J. Verhagen . Spatiotemporal dynamics of odor responses in the lateral and dorsal olfactory bulb. PLOS Biology, 17, 2019.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000409"},{"key":"2026091823551220000_2026.09.09.750382v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-005-0007-3"},{"key":"2026091823551220000_2026.09.09.750382v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Rc173","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-20-j0004.2001","article-title":"Ephaptic interactions in the mammalian olfactory system","volume":"21","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2026091823551220000_2026.09.09.750382v1.5","unstructured":"L. Bortolotti and C. Costa . Chemical communication in the honey bee society. in: Mucignat-caretta carla (ed) neurobiology of chemical communication. 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