{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:16:19Z","timestamp":1789139779450,"version":"build-2803163510"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"group-title":"Evolutionary Biology","reference-count":0,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSF","award":["2145195"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2145195"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R35GM124701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM124701"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["P20GM103474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM103474"]}]},{"name":"M. J. Murdock Charitable Trust","award":["202324717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202324717"]}]},{"name":"Office of the Vice President for Research and Creative Scholarship at the University of Montana"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  Metabolic rate is a widely variable trait that reflects organismal energy expenditure. At least half of all arthropod species carry maternally transmitted\n                  <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                  bacteria, but it is poorly understood how these endosymbionts affect host physiology and fitness. We tested how two central host traits, body mass and standard metabolic rate (SMR), are altered by\n                  <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                  for nine diverse\n                  <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                  fly species and 13 co-occurring\n                  <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                  variants diverged roughly 150 million years. Interspecific trait variation was structured according to the host phylogeny, but within each host system,\n                  <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                  almost always altered body mass and\/or SMR.\n                  <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                  often caused increases or decreases in body mass that, in some cases, also led to mass-dependent effects on whole-organism SMR. Other\n                  <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                  altered mass-adjusted SMR. These variable effects are plausibly explained by complex interactions among\n                  <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                  and host genomes, as documented for other traits (e.g.,\n                  <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                  -induced cytoplasmic incompatibility). Endosymbiont effects on body mass and metabolic rate likely have cascading consequences for host biology and evolution, because these central traits are correlated with many aspects of host physiology, behavior, and life history. This also applies to hosts transinfected with\n                  <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                  from\n                  <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                  to reduce the impacts of pathogens and pests on multiple continents.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.09.09.750401","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:05:23Z","timestamp":1789139123000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pervasive effects of\n                  <i>Wolbachia<\/i>\n                  on host body mass and metabolic rate"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Jason M","family":"Graham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Scranton;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Arthur","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Montana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon S.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Montana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0641-2420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Hague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Scranton;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.09.09.750401","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:05:23Z","timestamp":1789139123000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.09.09.750401"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.09.09.750401","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}