{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:19:09Z","timestamp":1792790349552,"version":"4.5.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"group-title":"Bioengineering","reference-count":64,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/about\/FAQ#license"}],"funder":[{"award":["U01DA056242, U54AG090792, R01GM160423, and R01DK133864"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DA056242, U54AG090792, R01GM160423, and R01DK133864"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","award":["EFRI2422149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EFRI2422149"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/021nxhr62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Transdermal biosensing and drug delivery provide convenient, pain-free, and user-friendly solutions for personalized therapy. However, challenges remain in detecting and treating acute diseases, primarily due to current limitations in effective detection of transdermal biomarkers and administration of therapeutics to an individual within a short time window in a real-world environment. Here, we integrate a compact acoustofluidic patch for transdermal sampling, sensing, and delivery in a rapid and automated manner. By leveraging acoustic streaming and 3D-printed microfluidic designs, acoustofluidic sampler and injector modules are assembled for penetration of the skin stratum corneum, precise sampling of skin interstitial fluids, and controlled percutaneous release of therapeutics, respectively. By incorporating an electrochemical sensing module, the integrated patch can be further developed to achieve in situ and rapid detection of transdermal biomarkers and automated transdermal delivery of therapeutics via closed-loop control. As a proof-of-concept application, we demonstrate our approach can detect and reverse life-threatening acute allergic reactions in a mouse model of anaphylaxis by rapid sampling and sensing transdermal histamine followed by automated transdermal delivery of epinephrine. The innovative acoustofluidic patch may enable a new kind of transdermal devices for personalized therapy of various acute diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.09.09.750438","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:45:21Z","timestamp":1789519521000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transdermal diagnosis and therapy using an integrated acoustofluidic patch"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yantao","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States"},{"name":"Department of Engineering Physics and Department of Physics, Coe College, Cedar Rapids, IA, 52402, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuhao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Crystal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Mackie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gill Institute for Neuroscience, and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihua","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0416-2165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Friend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science at Washington University in St. Louis, Louis, MO 63130, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United 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