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Although effective antiviral immunity is essential for controlling HSV-1 and limiting recurrent disease, the mechanisms regulating recruitment of protective lymphocytes to the ocular mucosa remain incompletely understood. CCL28 is a mucosa-associated chemokine expressed at epithelial surfaces that signals through its receptor CCR10, expressed by distinct antiviral T-and B-cell subsets. Using a mouse model of recurrent ocular HSV-1 infection, we investigated the role of the CCL28\/CCR10 axis in mobilizing protective HSV-1-specific immune cells to the ocular mucosa (OM). Following infection, wild-type (WT) B6 mice showed a marked increase in CCL28 expression within the OM, coinciding with accumulation of HSV-specific effector-memory (CCR10\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  CD44\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  CD62L\n                  <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                  ) T cells and CCR10\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  B220\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  B cells in the OM and trigeminal ganglia (TG). These cells displayed an antigen-experienced, effector-memory phenotype, suggesting that CCL28\/CCR10 signaling contributes to a localized antiviral immune response in the ocular mucosa. By contrast, CCL28-deficient (CCL28\n                  <jats:sup>(\u2212\/\u2212)<\/jats:sup>\n                  ) mice: (\n                  <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                  ) were more susceptible to recurrent ocular HSV-1 infection; (\n                  <jats:italic>ii<\/jats:italic>\n                  ) exhibited significantly reduced frequencies of HSV-specific effector-memory (CCR10\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  CD44\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  CD62L\n                  <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                  ) and tissue-resident memory (CCR10\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  CD69\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  CD103\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  ) T cells, as well as CCR10\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  B220\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  B cells, in the infected OM and TG; and (\n                  <jats:italic>iii<\/jats:italic>\n                  ) showed diminished effector function (IFN-\u03b3, TNF\u03b1, and Granzyme B production) in these populations, associated with increased viral burden and ocular pathology. These findings identify the CCL28\/CCR10 axis as a critical regulator of antiviral B-and T-cell trafficking to the ocular mucosa, contributing to protection against recurrent herpetic eye disease and providing a mechanistic basis for targeting mucosal chemokine pathways to improve vaccine strategies against ocular herpes.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Herpes eye infections are a leading cause of blindness caused by an infectious agent. The virus that causes this disease, herpes simplex virus, can hide in nerve cells near the eye and reawaken periodically, causing repeated bouts of corneal damage. Our bodies rely on immune cells traveling to the eye\u2019s surface to fight off these flare-ups, but how those cells know to travel there has not been well understood. This study shows that the CCL28 signaling molecule made by the surface tissue of the eye acts like a homing beacon, calling in specialized immune cells trained to fight this particular virus. Using mice, we found that animals lacking this CCL28 molecule struggled to control the initial infection and were far more likely to suffer damage when the virus reactivated. These animals also had fewer of the specialized defender cells present at the eye, and the cells they did have were weaker at fighting the virus. Our findings reveal a key piece of the body\u2019s immune defense system against recurrent eye herpes and point to new ways this pathway could be harnessed to design better vaccines or treatments aimed at preventing the recurrent blinding damage caused by repeated viral flare-ups.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.09.14.751393","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T04:10:14Z","timestamp":1789963814000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tissue-Resident and Effector-Memory Lymphocyte Recruitment to the Ocular Mucosa Requires CCL28\/CCR10 Signaling During Recurrent HSV-1 Infection"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Sweta","family":"Karan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swayam","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chhaya","family":"Maurya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah Xue","family":"LeNg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lbachir","family":"BenMohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026092306150591000_2026.09.14.751393v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661640","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1661640","article-title":"Role of mucosal chemokines in the development of tissue-resident CD4(+) and CD8(+) T(RM) cells to fend off herpes simplex infections","volume":"17","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026092306150591000_2026.09.14.751393v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2021.1962919"},{"key":"2026092306150591000_2026.09.14.751393v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quadiri A , Lekbach Y , Elfatimi E , Prakash S , Vahed H , Karan S , Rehman A , Ng SXL , Maurya C , Chow R , BenMohamed L . 2025. 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