{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:20:11Z","timestamp":1792790411611,"version":"4.5.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":80,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH Common Fund","award":["R01 NS121259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS121259"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001d55x84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIH Common Fund","award":["R01 AI177305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI177305"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001d55x84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIH Common Fund","award":["R21 NS142685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 NS142685"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001d55x84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIH Common Fund","award":["T32 GM142521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 GM142521"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001d55x84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0515k5w36","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Light hypersensitivity, or photophobia, affects nearly 80% of people with migraine and is the most prevalent symptom after headache. Despite its high prevalence, the neural pathways underlying migraine-associated light hypersensitivity remain poorly understood, in part due to the lack of behavioral assays that directly assess light sensitivity in mice. Consequently, whether nociceptors contribute to the development of photophobia remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We established a novel light sensitivity assay (LSA) to quantify the response to light in mice by measuring facial grimacing. The assay was applied to evaluate light hypersensitivity elicited by three established migraine triggers: calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), nitric oxide donor (sodium nitroprusside), and repeated stress. To determine the contribution of TRPV1\u207a nociceptors, mice were treated with resiniferatoxin (RTX) to ablate these neurons.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The LSA detected light hypersensitivity following administration of CGRP, sodium nitroprusside, and repeated stress in wild-type (WT) mice. Sex differences were not observed in CGRP- or stress-induced light hypersensitivity. Furthermore, ablation of TRPV1\u207a nociceptors did not reduce light hypersensitivity induced by migraine triggers.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These findings present the LSA as a robust, reproducible, and easy to implement behavioral assay for measuring light sensitivity in preclinical migraine models. Our results further demonstrate that TRPV1\u207a nociceptors are dispensable for the development of migraine-associated light hypersensitivity. This assay provides a useful method for investigating the mechanisms underlying light sensitivity and for evaluating potential therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.09.16.752141","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:16Z","timestamp":1790294416000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TRPV1-expressing neurons are dispensable for photophobia: evidence from a novel mouse light sensitivity assay"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4560-3525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaewon","family":"Sim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"},{"name":"Cell and Molecular Biology graduate program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex D.","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"},{"name":"Neuroscience graduate program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwendolyn R.","family":"Urbain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6752-3592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoffroy","family":"Laumet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"},{"name":"Cell and Molecular Biology graduate program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"},{"name":"Neuroscience graduate program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026092811402344000_2026.09.16.752141v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1996.1604239.x"},{"key":"2026092811402344000_2026.09.16.752141v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001303","article-title":"Color-selective photophobia in ictal vs. interictal migraineurs and in healthy controls","volume":"159","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2026092811402344000_2026.09.16.752141v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2001.111006031.x"},{"key":"2026092811402344000_2026.09.16.752141v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2007.01303.x"},{"key":"2026092811402344000_2026.09.16.752141v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.190223"},{"key":"2026092811402344000_2026.09.16.752141v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0242-1"},{"key":"2026092811402344000_2026.09.16.752141v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.11.016","article-title":"Sensory Processing: Visual Sensitivity Gets High at Night","volume":"30","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2026092811402344000_2026.09.16.752141v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba7232"},{"key":"2026092811402344000_2026.09.16.752141v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/112_2011_4"},{"key":"2026092811402344000_2026.09.16.752141v1.10","first-page":"359","article-title":"Hypothalamic and basal ganglia projections to the posterior thalamus: Possible role in modulation of migraine headache and photophobia","volume":"0","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2026092811402344000_2026.09.16.752141v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000766"},{"key":"2026092811402344000_2026.09.16.752141v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, W. et al. 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