{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:20:20Z","timestamp":1792790420782,"version":"4.5.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"group-title":"Biophysics","reference-count":98,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","award":["R01 GM067153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM067153"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04q48ey07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Netherlands Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW) and the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research","award":["024.003.019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["024.003.019"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04jsz6e67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Processivity is essential for gene expression:\n                  <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                  RNA polymerase (RNAP) must transcribe 10+ kbp operons without failure, yet backtrack-induced long-lived pauses threaten premature termination. Gre factors stimulate transcript cleavage to rescue backtracked RNAP, whereas NusA and NusG, which bridge the expressome, respectively stimulate and suppress pausing. How they cooperate to secure full-length transcription is unclear. Using high-throughput magnetic tweezers, we reconstitute\n                  <jats:italic>ops<\/jats:italic>\n                  -induced pausing, showing that sequence context sets pause occupancy. RfaH, a NusG paralog recruited at\n                  <jats:italic>ops<\/jats:italic>\n                  and essential for long virulence operons, loads onto\n                  <jats:italic>ops<\/jats:italic>\n                  -paused RNAP by two pathways: one permitting immediate escape, the other requiring GreA rescue. We find that both NusG and RfaH nullify NusA pause-stimulating effect, RfaH sustaining runs four times longer than NusG and replicating its role\n                  <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                  , where RfaH depletion leads to conjugation failing. This work provides the foundation for dissecting virulence operon expression and its therapeutic targeting.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.09.18.752654","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T05:05:18Z","timestamp":1789880718000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["RfaH licenses RNA polymerase for long-range transcription"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Luca","family":"Buccolieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1100, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and , The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States"},{"name":"The Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pim P. B.","family":"America","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1100, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Artsimovitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and , The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States"},{"name":"The Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4209-0377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Dulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1100, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(03)00103-3"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2012.70"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/s44286-026-00385-0","article-title":"Cells set the scale","volume":"3","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Chem Eng"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704789","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2025.1704789","article-title":"Prokaryotic homeostasis \u2013 a solution to thrive and survive","volume":"12","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.5","unstructured":"Yang, X. & Lewis, P. J. The interaction between bacterial transcription factors and RNA polymerase during the transition fro."},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.70090"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom5021063"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1182","article-title":"Basic mechanisms and kinetics of pause-interspersed transcript elongation","volume":"49","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scull, C. E. , Dandpat, S. S. , Romero, R. A. & Walter, N. G . Transcriptional Riboswitches Integrate Timescales for Bacterial Gene Expression Control. Front. Mol. Biosci. 7, 607158 (2021).","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.607158"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04530-6","article-title":"Crucial role and mechanism of transcription-coupled DNA repair in bacteria","volume":"604","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-072220-033342"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.06.003"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9726-8_6"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05344-9"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2008.06.079"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5462.2497"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janissen, R. , Eslami-Mossallam, B. , Artsimovitch, I. , Depken, M. & Dekker, N. H . High-throughput single-molecule experiments reveal heterogeneity, state switching, and three interconnected pause states in transcription. Cell Reports 39, 110749 (2022).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110749"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2321017121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2321017121","article-title":"Nanopore tweezers show fractional-nucleotide translocation in sequence-dependent pausing by RNA polymerase","volume":"121","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1251871"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2022.2096794","article-title":"Investigating the role of RNA structures in transcriptional pausing using in vitro assays and in silico analyses","volume":"19","year":"2022","journal-title":"RNA Biology"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.01.018"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02191"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00845-6"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04268"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr400730x"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.36349"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.6432014.x"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Artsimovitch, I. & Landick, R. Pausing by bacterial RNA polymerase is mediated by mechanistically distinct classes of signals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97, 7090\u2013 7095 (2000).","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.13.7090"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-051721-043826"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2015.12.009"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.31","first-page":"e00084","article-title":"Applying the brakes to transcription: regulation of gene expression by RNA polymerase pausing","volume":"207","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2011.09.018"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.02.008"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.18096"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.05.017"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.07.014"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.6432014.x"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00724-9"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm600"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.40","first-page":"e02717","article-title":"Origins and Molecular Evolution of the NusG Paralog RfaH","volume":"11","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2010.03.051"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2011.05.026"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6384","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac453","article-title":"Allosteric couplings upon binding of RfaH to transcription elongation complexes","volume":"50","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb5317"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-024-01372-w"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62207-w"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Washburn, R. S. et al. Escherichia coli NusG Links the Lead Ribosome with the Transcription Elongation Complex. iScience 23, 101352 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101352"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.05.042"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1184939"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"50. Stevenson-Jones, F., Woodgate, J., Castro-Roa, D. & Zenkin, N. Ribosome reactivates transcription by physically pushing RNA polymerase out of transcription arrest. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 8462\u20138467 (2020).","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1919985117"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.02.008"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08308-w"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90121-6"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Coll, L. , Potrykus, K. , Cashel, M. & Balsalobre, C . Mutational analysis of Escherichia coli GreA protein reveals new functional activity independent of antipause and lethal when overexpressed. Sci Rep 10, 16074 (2020).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73069-1"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)42655-5"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.5.1304-1310.2004"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04669.x"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw423"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"59. Tetone, L. E., et al. Dynamics of GreB-RNA polymerase interaction allow a proofreading accessory protein to patrol for transcription complexes needing rescue. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114, (2017).","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1616525114"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.2c08771","article-title":"Correlative Escherichia coli Transcription Rate and Bubble Conformation Remodeled by NusA and NusG","volume":"127","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"61. Chauvier, A., Ajmera, P., Yadav, R. & Walter, N. G. Dynamic competition between a ligand and transcription factor NusA governs riboswitch-mediated transcription regulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 118, e2109026118 (2021).","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2109026118"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1098"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3377-9_18","volume-title":"Single Molecule Analysis","volume":"2694","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.05.17.725479"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.24.6853"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3040","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47368-4","article-title":"Concerted transformation of a hyper-paused transcription complex and its reinforcing protein","volume":"15","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zuber, P. K. , Schweimer, K. , R\u00f6sch, P. , Artsimovitch, I. & Knauer, S. H . Reversible fold-switching controls the functional cycle of the antitermination factor RfaH. Nat Commun 10, 702 (2019).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08567-6"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2008.12.3918"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.142417799"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00600-7"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.12.014"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.766592"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, J. et al. Cooperative Function of TraJ and ArcA in Regulating the F Plasmid tra Operon. J Bacteriol 201, (2019).","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00448-18"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.2.507-514.2006"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.146.2.535-541.1981","article-title":"Gene rfaH, which affects lipopolysaccharide core structure in Salmonella typhimurium, is required also for expression of F-factor functions","volume":"146","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.76","first-page":"e02662","article-title":"RfaH Counter-Silences Inhibition of Transcript Elongation by H-NS\u2013StpA Nucleoprotein Filaments in Pathogenic Escherichiacoli","volume":"13","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.77","first-page":"e00599","article-title":"RfaH May Oppose Silencing by H-NS and YmoA Proteins during Transcription Elongation","volume":"204","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koraimann, G . Spread and Persistence of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes: A Ride on the F Plasmid Conjugation Module. EcoSal Plus 8, 10.1128\/ecosalplus.ESP-0003\u20132018 (2018).","DOI":"10.1128\/ecosalplus.esp-0003-2018"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.04.032"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10862","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-55215-9","article-title":"Bacteroides expand the functional versatility of a conserved transcription factor and transcribed DNA to program capsule diversity","volume":"15","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2024.01.025"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.150.2.572-581.1982"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.05.042"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-024-01372-w"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2008.268"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-023-00791-4","article-title":"The Significance of Epidemic Plasmids in the Success of Multidrug-Resistant Drug Pandemic Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"12","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4531","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24772-8","article-title":"Towards a synthetic cell cycle","volume":"12","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.6b00017"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80827-8"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2392-2_2"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq623"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3193","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47531-x","article-title":"Reciprocating RNA Polymerase batters through roadblocks","volume":"15","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4898178"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2015.10.018"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8298","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c18586","article-title":"TAV2b Peptide Derivatives Underwind and Stabilize Double-Stranded RNA upon Binding","volume":"148","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa233"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth0205-127"},{"key":"2026092404000703000_2026.09.18.752654v1.98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3377-9_19","volume-title":"Single Molecule Analysis","volume":"2694","year":"2024"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.09.18.752654","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:00:27Z","timestamp":1790247627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.09.18.752654"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"references-count":98,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.09.18.752654","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}