{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:00:00Z","timestamp":1790391600876,"version":"4.1.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"group-title":"Biochemistry","reference-count":69,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R35GM147387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM147387"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R35GM155016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM155016"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["CHE-2400087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHE-2400087"]}]},{"award":["FG-2024-22244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FG-2024-22244"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/052csg198","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["TC-25-084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TC-25-084"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019p8h045","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"David & Lucile Packard Fellow","award":["2023-76169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-76169"]}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006w34k90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NSF awards","award":["OAC-2117681"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OAC-2117681"]}]},{"name":"NSF awards","award":["OAC-1928147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OAC-1928147"]}]},{"name":"NSF awards","award":["OAC-1928224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OAC-1928224"]}]},{"name":"NSF awards","award":["CHE-260005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHE-260005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  Despite their intriguing native metalloenzymology, naturally occurring copper enzymes remain largely underexploited for new-to-nature biocatalytic reactions. Herein, we report the systematic investigation and reprogramming of natural copper enzymes to catalyze unnatural free radical (pseudo)halogenation reaction in a highly enantioselective fashion. Evaluating Cu enzymes in the decarboxylative azidation of redox-active esters revealed activity across multiple Cu enzyme families, with type III binuclear Cu enzymes, particularly the\n                  <jats:italic>Bacillus megaterium<\/jats:italic>\n                  tyrosinase (\n                  <jats:italic>Bm<\/jats:italic>\n                  Tyr), exhibiting superior activity and enantioselectivity across both stabilized and unstabilized alkyl radicals upon further engineering. The strong halide binding affinity of the binuclear Cu system also enabled challenging enantioconvergent bromination, chlorination and isothiocyanation reactions, which remained inaccessible to repurposed nonheme Fe enzymes. Further EPR and UV\u2013 visible spectroscopic analyses confirmed the coupled binuclear nature of wild-type and engineered bacterial tyrosinases and provided insights into the origin of their enhanced activity. Collectively, this study establishes binuclear copper enzymes as a powerful platform for new-to-nature stereoselective radical reactions, expanding the scope of metalloenzyme catalysis beyond mononuclear systems.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.09.20.753013","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:40:16Z","timestamp":1790095216000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A binuclear copper enzyme platform for enantioconvergent radical (pseudo)halogenation"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1465-0747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao-Wang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwatosin Maryam","family":"Adeyemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Tarpo Jr. and Margaret Tarpo Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongda","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngoc","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Tarpo Jr. and Margaret Tarpo Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Palazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Tarpo Jr. and Margaret Tarpo Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu-Peng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binh Khanh","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiliang","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Tarpo Jr. and Margaret Tarpo Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4956-2034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States"},{"name":"Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BMSE) Program, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026092519151172000_2026.09.20.753013v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3351","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201409470","article-title":"Expanding the Enzyme Universe: Accessing Non-Natural Reactions by Mechanism-Guided Directed Evolution","volume":"54","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angew. 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