{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:01:20Z","timestamp":1790355680556,"version":"4.1.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"group-title":"Bioengineering","reference-count":48,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["R01MH111578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH111578"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05h1kgg64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R01AG087159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG087159"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05h1kgg64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["S10RR028821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10RR028821"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05h1kgg64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Subject motion and gradient heating-induced frequency and phase offsets result in spectral misalignment during single-voxel MR spectroscopy (SVS) acquisitions. Several methods have been presented to align the spectra, but their performance on a 7T system is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the practical importance of four retrospective correction methods, namely creatine fitting, residual water, spectral registration, and cross-correlation. SVS data were collected from 127 participants (88\/39 female\/male, 39\u00b115 years) using a semi-localization by adiabatic selective refocusing sequence at 7T. Changes in the spectral linewidth, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), similarity (mean similarity matrix (SI\n                  <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                  )), and metabolite quantification (concentration, relative Cramer-Rao lower bounds (rCRLB)) after correction were evaluated. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to evaluate these changes. The\n                  <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                  -values were adjusted using the false discovery rate (\n                  <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                  &lt;0.05) for multiple comparisons. For significant changes, the effect size was further calculated using the Rosenthal formula. The results demonstrated that all correction methods resulted in a significant decrease in the spectral linewidth and significant increases in the spectral SNR and SI\n                  <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                  . The mean changes by using the four methods were 0.76-0.99 Hz for the spectral linewidth change (effect sizes:0.73-0.86), 5.79-6.95 for the SNR change (effect size:0.60-0.72), and 0.03-0.03 for the SI\n                  <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                  change (effect size:0.87-0.87). The correction also significantly increased the estimates of the metabolite concentrations of PCr, Gln, Glu, GPC, Ins, NAA, Scyllo, and Tau (effect size:0.25-0.57), and significantly decreased the rCRLBs (effect size:0.26-0.42) of Scyllo, Tau, and Gly. These results indicate that each method provides practical benefits in improving the spectral linewidth, SNR, and similarity by showing a strong to very strong effect of the improvements (effect size&gt;0.60). The correction only showed a weak to moderate effect of the changes in the metabolite quantification (effect size&lt;0.60), suggesting that whether the correction results in more reliable metabolite quantification requires further validation.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.09.21.753210","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:15:17Z","timestamp":1790122517000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluations of retrospective frequency and phase correction methods for single-voxel MR spectroscopy at 7T"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5288-3309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chu-Yu","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baolian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6193-366X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralph","family":"Noeske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GE Healthcare, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8639-5354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent A","family":"Magnotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 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