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In vitro studies indicate that inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1\u03b2, stimulate basal-to-goblet differentiation through a\n                  <jats:italic>SERPINB3\/4<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  intermediate and\n                  <jats:italic>SERPINB3<\/jats:italic>\n                  overexpression induces differentiation of airway basal cells into\n                  <jats:italic>IL1B<\/jats:italic>\n                  -producing inflammatory goblet cells. In addition, we identified a subset of\n                  <jats:italic>SERPINB4<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  \u201cgoblet-variant basal cells\u201d from lungs of COPD patients that express goblet cell and inflammatory genes ex vivo. Together, these results indicate clade B serpins contribute to altered epithelial differentiation and inflammatory signaling in COPD and support therapeutic targeting of clade B serpins to reduce GCH.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.09.21.753278","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:45:16Z","timestamp":1790124316000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clade B serpins promote direct basal-to-goblet cell differentiation in airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8320-4592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiffany S.","family":"Tufenkjian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 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