{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:59:58Z","timestamp":1790607598655,"version":"4.1.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"group-title":"Plant Biology","reference-count":148,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Zea mays<\/jats:italic>\n                  (maize) flowering time is genetically determined and a critical yield determinant. Yet mechanistic understanding of maize flowering remains poor.\n                  <jats:italic>Indeterminate1<\/jats:italic>\n                  (\n                  <jats:italic>Id1<\/jats:italic>\n                  ), a zinc-finger transcription factor (TF), is a monocot-conserved master regulator of maize flowering. Epistasis between\n                  <jats:italic>Id1<\/jats:italic>\n                  and the\n                  <jats:italic>ZeaCentroradialis<\/jats:italic>\n                  -\n                  <jats:italic>Delayed Flowering1<\/jats:italic>\n                  (\n                  <jats:italic>Zcn<\/jats:italic>\n                  -\n                  <jats:italic>Dlf1<\/jats:italic>\n                  ) inductive pathway partly explains ID1 floral control; however, the strong mutant\n                  <jats:italic>\n                    id1\n                    <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                  <\/jats:italic>\n                  floral delay is not explained by this pathway alone. To better characterize\n                  <jats:italic>Id1<\/jats:italic>\n                  actions, we performed single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin and single nucleus RNA sequencing (scATAC-seq and snRNA-seq) comparing\n                  <jats:italic>Id1<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  and\n                  <jats:italic>id1<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                  developing leaves. These analyses reveal\n                  <jats:italic>\n                    id1\n                    <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                  <\/jats:italic>\n                  chromatin remodeling via TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 CYCLOIDEA PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) and APETALA2\/ETHYLENE RESPONSEFACTOR (AP2\/ERF) transcription factors and provide candidate direct targets that include\n                  <jats:italic>AP2\/ERF<\/jats:italic>\n                  genes. These candidate direct targets include the family of\n                  <jats:italic>\u03b2-glucosidase<\/jats:italic>\n                  genes that lose expression in\n                  <jats:italic>\n                    id1\n                    <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                  <\/jats:italic>\n                  . Unexpectedly, CRISPR\/Cas9\n                  <jats:italic>\u03b2-glucosidase<\/jats:italic>\n                  edits produced plants that phenocopied\n                  <jats:italic>\n                    terminal ear1\n                    <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                  <\/jats:italic>\n                  (\n                  <jats:italic>\n                    te1\n                    <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                  <\/jats:italic>\n                  ) mutants. This phenocopy prompted an investigation into the genetic relationship between\n                  <jats:italic>\n                    id1\n                    <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                  <\/jats:italic>\n                  ,\n                  <jats:italic>\n                    te1\n                    <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                  <\/jats:italic>\n                  and flowering. Surprisingly,\n                  <jats:italic>\n                    id1\n                    <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                    te1\n                    <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                  <\/jats:italic>\n                  plants exhibited a synergistic floral delay, producing \u223c90 leaves before inflorescence production. Beyond highlighting hitherto unappreciated\n                  <jats:italic>Te1<\/jats:italic>\n                  autonomous flowering roles, this genetic synergy raises the hypothesis that meristem leaf primordia cessation underpins maize flowering.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.09.23.753879","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T15:30:14Z","timestamp":1790263814000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multimodal single cell analysis reveals a link between flowering and leaf initiation"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0791-9621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark A. 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