{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:20:31Z","timestamp":1792790431610,"version":"4.5.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"group-title":"Bioengineering","reference-count":90,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/about\/FAQ#license"}],"funder":[{"award":["NIH UC2DK126023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH UC2DK126023"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001d55x84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["DK131821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK131821"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001d55x84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Office of Naval Research","award":["N00014-21-1-2958"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00014-21-1-2958"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Research Council","award":["019.201EN.005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["019.201EN.005"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04jsz6e67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Emerging efforts to engineer multicellular kidney tissues for drug discovery, disease modeling, and therapeutic repair require scalable generation of kidney organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Here, we report a method for generating kidney ureteric bud and collecting duct epithelial organoids in stirred tank bioreactors. We demonstrate that extracellular matrix microcarriers facilitate organoid expansion and are compatible with suspension bioreactor methods. The combination of cell-coated matrix microcarriers with stirred bioreactors promotes maturation marker expression compared to static controls comprising matrix-embedded organoids. Our method offers promise for generating epithelial organoids that serve as multicellular models and organ building blocks for scalable biofabrication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.09.27.754790","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:10:15Z","timestamp":1790629815000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Scalable generation of human stem cell-derived ureteric bud and collecting duct organoids in stirred bioreactors"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6990-0283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kayla J.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6830-3110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan E.","family":"Rubins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4640-4612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald","family":"van Gaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Klaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0280-2774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010245"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018101030"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.04.040"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.123.065585"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2022.04.012"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ctdb.2015.10.010"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, B. et al. Spatially patterned kidney assembloids recapitulate progenitor self-assembly and enable high-fidelity in vivo disease modeling. Cell Stem Cell (2025).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2025.08.013"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27838-9"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2024.12.001"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.10","first-page":"260","article-title":"Cellular extrusion bioprinting improves kidney organoid reproducibility and conformation","volume":"20","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Mater"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaw2459"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-00803-5"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2303077120"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03014460.2013.807878"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02156-4"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crmeth.2022.100337","article-title":"Suspension culture in a rotating bioreactor for efficient generation of human intestinal organoids","volume":"2","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Reports Methods"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31037"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33011-7"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2016.170"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2016.098"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.21","first-page":"3614","article-title":"Generation of patterned kidney organoids that recapitulate the adult kidney collecting duct system from expandable ureteric bud progenitors","volume":"12","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-023-00847-2"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mae, S.-I. , Ryosaka, M. & Osafune, K. Protocol to Generate Ureteric Bud Structures from Human iPS Cells. in Methods in Molecular Biology 117\u2013123 (Humana Press, 2019).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9021-4_10"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108514"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, S. V. et al. Kidney micro-organoids in suspension culture as a scalable source of human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney cells. Development (Cambridge) 146, (2019).","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.172361"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2020.100150","article-title":"Protocol for Large-Scale Production of Kidney Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells","volume":"1","year":"2020","journal-title":"STAR Protoc"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2018.06.018","article-title":"A Simple Bioreactor-Based Method to Generate Kidney Organoids from Pluripotent Stem Cells","volume":"11","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01429-5"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107963"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ho, D. L. L. et al. Large-Scale Production of Wholly Cellular Bioinks via the Optimization of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Aggregate Culture in Automated Bioreactors. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 11, (2022).","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202270149"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1076"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.107.105007"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00453.2010","article-title":"Mechanotransduction in the renal tubule","volume":"299","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12195-011-0179-6"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-124453"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179159"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.10.010"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.10655"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.27620"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celbio.2025.100297","article-title":"Perfusable 3D models of ureteric bud and collecting duct tubules","volume":"2","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carroll, T. J. , Park, J. , Hayashi, S. , Majumdar, A. & Mcmahon, A. P . Wnt9b Plays a Central Role in the Regulation of Mesenchymal to Epithelial Transitions Underlying Organogenesis of the Mammalian Urogenital System. 9, 283\u2013292 (2005).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2005.05.016"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00067.2003","article-title":"Effect of flow and stretch on the [Ca2+]i response of principal and intercalated cells in cortical collecting duct","volume":"285","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00057.2007","article-title":"Ca2+ dependence of flow-stimulated K secretion in the mammalian cortical collecting duct","volume":"293","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00191.2003","article-title":"Ontogeny of flow-stimulated potassium secretion in rabbit cortical collecting duct: Functional and molecular aspects","volume":"285","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F91","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.1991.261.1.F91","article-title":"Postnatal maturation of rabbit renal collecting duct. II. Morphological observations","volume":"261","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.196063"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.47","first-page":"1","article-title":"Influence of Microgel and Interstitial Matrix Compositions on Granular Hydrogel Composite Properties","volume":"2206117","year":"2023","journal-title":"Advanced Science"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.03.040","article-title":"Human Kidney Lineages from Pluripotent Stem Cells A Modular Differentiation System Maps Multiple Human Kidney Lineages from Pluripotent Stem Cells","volume":"31","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15695"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0048-8"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-019-0650-x"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27838-9"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3392"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017080887"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.55","first-page":"3614","article-title":"Generation of patterned kidney organoids that recapitulate the adult kidney collecting duct system from expandable ureteric bud progenitors","volume":"12","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0325-y"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00464.2003"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2021.01.017"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI8256"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Combes, A. N. et al. Single cell analysis of the developing mouse kidney provides deeper insight into marker gene expression and ligand-receptor crosstalk (Development, (2019) 146, 12, 10.1242\/dev.178673). Development (Cambridge) 146, (2019).","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.178673"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33011-7"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(99)00074-X"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6793-4-1"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0070-2153(10)90005-7"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.10.010"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00058.2004","article-title":"Expression of epidermal growth factor in the developing rat kidney","volume":"288","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(89)90268-4"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.11.006"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.10.5858"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108514"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90363-4"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.154336"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, S. V. et al. Kidney micro-organoids in suspension culture as a scalable source of human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney cells. Development (Cambridge) 146, (2019).","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.172361"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.133.4.1710","article-title":"Cell cycle analysis of a cell proliferation-associated human nuclear antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody Ki-67","volume":"133","year":"1984","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.07.024"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16332"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2014.07.014"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00276.x"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, R. J. & Liu, Y . Matrix metalloproteinases in kidney homeostasis and diseases. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 302, (2012).","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00037.2012"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terzic, J. , Muller, C. , Gajovic, S. & Saraga-babic, M . Expression of PAX2 gene during human development. 707, 701\u2013707 (1998).","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.9712525"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04813-3"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201911021"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00214.2019"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-017-2014-y"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, Y. , Wang, H. , Huang, D. , Hsieh, P. & Lin, M . Neuronal Splicing Regulator RBFOX3 (NeuN) Regulates Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Synaptogenesis. 3, 1\u201317 (2016).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164164"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J. M. , Dedhar, S. , Kalluri, R. & Thompson, E. W . The epithelial \u2013 mesenchymal transition: new insights in signaling, development, and disease. 172, 973\u2013981 (2006).","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200601018"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00553.2007","article-title":"Stanniocalcin-1 secretion and receptor regulation in kidney cells","volume":"294","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.88","first-page":"929","article-title":"High-Throughput Screening Enhances Kidney Organoid Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and Enables Automated Multidimensional Phenotyping Resource","volume":"22","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"England, A. R. et al. Identification and characterization of cellular heterogeneity within the developing renal interstitium. Development 147, (2020).","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.190108"},{"key":"2026100105051343000_2026.09.27.754790v1.90","first-page":"1255","article-title":"The Tight Junction Protein ZO-1 Is Concentrated Along Slit Diaphragms of the Glomerular Epithelium","volume":"11","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.09.27.754790","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:05:32Z","timestamp":1790856332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.09.27.754790"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"references-count":90,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.09.27.754790","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}