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Using dSC1, a large-scale electron microscopy dataset of the mouse dorsal horn, we mapped the circuitry connecting primary sensory afferents to projection neurons of the anterolateral tract (ALT), a principal pathway conveying somatosensory information to the brain. We find that afferents encoding distinct modalities are routed onto connectivity-defined populations of ALT projection neurons. Nociceptors and cold thermoreceptors directly innervate distinct lamina I ALT projection neuron populations specialized for conveying noxious and cooling signals, respectively, whereas tactile and pruritic signals instead pass through a recurrent, multilayered network involving interneurons called vertical cells before reaching a separate ALT projection population. This distinction, direct versus polysynaptic wiring, underlies marked differences in sensory convergence and establishes segregated ascending channels for conveying signals encoding the principal somatosensory modalities. Together, our findings define an architectural logic by which the dorsal horn integrates and routes tactile, thermal, pruritic, and nociceptive information into distinct ALT output pathways to the brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.09.27.754843","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:00:20Z","timestamp":1790888420000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A synaptic wiring diagram underlying modality-specific ascending pathways of the superficial spinal dorsal horn"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6848-1643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wangchu","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramin","family":"Khajeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7504-0826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Holtrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidrick","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tri","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zetta AI, Sherrill, NJ, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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