{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:19:32Z","timestamp":1792790372172,"version":"4.5.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"group-title":"Infectious Diseases (except HIV\/AIDS)","reference-count":27,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NICHD","award":["R68\/R33HD105619"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R68\/R33HD105619"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04byxyr05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NICHD","award":["R33HD105593-03S2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R33HD105593-03S2"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04byxyr05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIAID","award":["R01AI158911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI158911"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NCATS","award":["UL1TR003017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR003017"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04pw6fb54","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NHLBI","award":["R38HL143615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R38HL143615"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012pb6c26","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["Agreement OT2 HL161847 through the NIH RECOVER Pathobiology Research Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Agreement OT2 HL161847 through the NIH RECOVER Pathobiology Research Program"]}]},{"name":"NIH RECOVER Initiative","award":["OTA-21-015E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OTA-21-015E"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Persistent SARS-CoV-2 antigen is a leading hypothesis for post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), commonly known as Long COVID. Impaired Fc-mediated antiviral antibody function could contribute to inefficient clearance of infected cells and viral antigen despite preserved antibody levels. Therefore, we tested whether PASC is associated with altered Fc\u03b3 receptor-mediated antibody function and differences in IgG1 Fc fucosylation, a major regulator of Fc effector function.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Serum samples from RECOVER-Adult participants with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (99 PASC, 139 non-PASC) were analyzed for anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG and subclasses, Fc\u03b3RIIIa- and Fc\u03b3RIIa-mediated reporter activity as surrogate measures of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), anti-RBD IgG1 Fc glycosylation, and circulating fucose-modifying enzymes.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite higher anti-RBD IgG and IgG1 abundance, PASC sera showed lower ADCC- and ADCP-associated Fc\u03b3R reporter activity, including after normalization for antibody abundance. Anti-RBD IgG1 showed greater fucosylation in PASC samples (30 PASC, 34 non-PASC). Serum FUCA2 was lower in PASC samples (24 PASC, 34 non-PASC), whereas FUCA1 and soluble CD16a levels did not differ between the two groups.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PASC is associated with impaired antiviral IgG Fc function, increased IgG1 Fc fucosylation, and reduced circulating FUCA2, identifying a glycoimmune axis that may contribute to impaired Fc-dependent antigen clearance and represents a potentially targetable pathway in Long COVID.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.09.28.26364044","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:15:12Z","timestamp":1790723712000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antiviral Antibody Fc Dysfunction Is Linked to Increased IgG1 Fucosylation in Long COVID"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0354-7496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul","family":"Ukey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis E.","family":"Michailidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Yun","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Mass Spectrometry Facility of Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Rutgers, Rutgers University, Piscataway;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Honnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Pinter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence C.","family":"Kleinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Bruiners","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Laura","family":"Gennaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 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