{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:20:36Z","timestamp":1792790436777,"version":"4.5.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":92,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIAID","award":["R21AI180971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI180971"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIAID","award":["R03AI173522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03AI173522"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIAID","award":["R01AI153325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI153325"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIAID","award":["R01AI171568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI171568"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIAID","award":["R21AI182982"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI182982"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIAID","award":["RO1AI181309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1AI181309"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["223255\/F50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["223255\/F50"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00epmv149","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Bacterial biofilms drive persistent infection and chronic inflammation, yet host sensing of biofilm-derived ligands remains poorly understood. Here we identify curli amyloid, an integral component of\n                  <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                  biofilms, as a novel activator of the non-canonical inflammasome in human and mouse dendritic cells (DCs). Curli both primes and activates the inflammasome, directly binding caspase-11 to engage NLRP3 and drive robust IL-1\u03b2 maturation without pyroptosis, establishing curli as a previously unrecognized trigger of DC hyperactivation. Mechanistically, this non-lytic signaling is marked by limited gasdermin D oligomerization without mitochondrial localization and NINJ1-dependent membrane rupture. Functionally, curli-hyperactivated DCs show enhanced migration to the draining lymph nodes\n                  <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                  , suggesting consequent augmented adaptive immunity. Finally, curli-containing biofilms also elicit IL-1\u03b2 secretion without cell death, identifying bacterial amyloid as a central driver of non-lytic inflammasome activation during immune recognition of biofilms.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Amyloid curli from bacterial biofilms is a novel ligand of caspase-11 and activates non canonical inflammasome without triggering pyroptotic cell death in human and mouse dendritic cells, a process called DC hyperactivation.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Curli alone is sufficient to induce IL-1\u03b2 secretion because it provides both required signals: it primes pro-IL-1\u03b2 through TLR2 and TLR4 and activates the inflammasome through caspase-11.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Curli induces a limited oligomerization of mature Gasdermin-D that localizes selectively to the plasma membrane, without targeting mitochondria or undergoing NINJ1 oligomerization.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Curli-containing biofilms induce similar IL-1\u03b2 secretion in viable DCs, highlighting DC hyperactivation as pivotal response during host recognition of bacterial biofilms.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <\/jats:list>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.09.29.755159","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T02:55:15Z","timestamp":1791168915000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Novel Biofilm Amyloid Ligand for Caspase-11 Drives Hyperactivation in Dendritic 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