{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:19:27Z","timestamp":1792790367372,"version":"4.5.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":48,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["K08DC019416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08DC019416"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["P30AR069655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AR069655"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R56DC016054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56DC016054"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01MH126176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH126176"]}]},{"name":"Schmitt Foundation\u2018s Program in Integrative Neuroscience","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02vbje032","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019bedz31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Florida State University Rodgers and Rodgers Hearing Foundation","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05g3dte14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) are G-protein coupled receptors that regulate neuroplasticity and have been shown to play a role in auditory processing. However, not much is known about the expression of mGluRs during cochlear nucleus development in the context of Fragile X syndrome (FXS). FXS is the most common heritable form of intellectual disability and autism and is associated with auditory processing deficits including hypersensitivity. Audiogenic seizure is a notable feature of the\n                  <jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic>\n                  knock-out (KO) mouse model for FXS, in which mGluR5 has been shown to be necessary. In this study, we investigated the expression of eight metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in the cochlear nucleus at both young and adult ages and in wildtype and\n                  <jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic>\n                  KO mice. While it is established that mGluR1 is the predominantly expressed mGluR in adult cochlear nucleus, we report the following new finding that mGluR5 is the more abundant receptor during early development. The expression of Group II and III mGluRs (2,3,4,6,7,8) was relatively stable during development. We show that mGluR1 and mGluR5 are co-expressed across multiple neuron types.\n                  <jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic>\n                  genotype did not have statistically significant impact on the expression pattern of mGluRs in cochlear nucleus. Although hearing onset occurs during this mGluR5 to 1 transition period, mGluR expression patterns were not impacted by cochlear activity. We conclude that there is an mGluR5 is to mGluR1 transition that occurs within cochlear nucleus neurons during the critical period closure that is intrinsic to neuronal development.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.09.29.755315","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:00:19Z","timestamp":1790845219000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Novel Co-expression of Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor During Mouse Cochlear Nucleus Development"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7471-8352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hitomi","family":"Sakano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Neuroscience, Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Neuroscience, Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Merrill Bloedel 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