{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:18:41Z","timestamp":1792790321284,"version":"4.5.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":41,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","award":["2443063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2443063"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/021nxhr62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["C-2096-20220331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C-2096-20220331"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00np6vq88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R01-GM135368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-GM135368"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Bacteria deploy polymorphic toxins to inhibit competitors and rely on cognate immunity proteins to prevent self-intoxication. Immunity determinants act by binding and neutralizing incoming toxins, and in the rare cases where toxin-induced damage is also reversed, that activity resides within the immunity protein itself. Whether a conflict system can instead dedicate a separate gene to repairing the damage is unknown. Here we report that an operon in\n                  <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                  encodes the toxin YwqJ, its cognate immunity protein YwqK, and EndoV\n                  <jats:sup>Bs<\/jats:sup>\n                  an endonuclease that incises DNA at the lesion the toxin creates. YwqJ is a single-stranded DNA cytidine deaminase translocated by the type VIIb secretion system (T7SSb) to mediate contact-dependent interbacterial antagonism. Unexpectedly, EndoV\n                  <jats:sup>Bs<\/jats:sup>\n                  exhibits a preference for uracil over the canonical hypoxanthine, processing genomic uracil in cells and protecting against YwqJ when immunity is absent. Because EndoV\n                  <jats:sup>Bs<\/jats:sup>\n                  acts on the chemical lesion rather than the effector, its protection is indifferent to the source of deamination. EndoV\n                  <jats:sup>Bs<\/jats:sup>\n                  accordingly restricts replication of PBS1, a bacteriophage whose genome naturally substitutes uracil for thymine. These findings establish DNA repair as a novel layer of defense within toxin\u2013immunity loci and reveal a DNA repair mechanism that unifies interbacterial antagonism and antiviral immunity.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.09.29.755374","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:40:23Z","timestamp":1790826023000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An endonuclease V protects\n                  <i>Bacillus subtilis<\/i>\n                  against a deaminase toxin and a uracil-containing phage"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Riazuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of BioSciences, Rice 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