{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:18:41Z","timestamp":1792790321659,"version":"4.5.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":40,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Strok","award":["K08 NS121600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 NS121600"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01s5ya894","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Strok","award":["K23 NS091282."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 NS091282."]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01s5ya894","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Strok","award":["R01NS119301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS119301"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01s5ya894","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Strok","award":["R01NS127435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS127435"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01s5ya894","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["P50HD103555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50HD103555"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04byxyr05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Infants with extremely low birth weight (ELBW) are at high risk for neurodevelopmental impairment, but the relationship between cerebellar structure and later developmental outcome remains incompletely defined.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this retrospective single-center study, we examined total cerebellar volume on clinically acquired brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in ELBW infants while accounting for postmenstrual age (PMA) at imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Of 65 infants screened, 42 were included. Mean gestational age at birth was 25.54\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>\u00b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    1.68 weeks, mean birth weight was 733.2\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>\u00b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    118.7 g, and mean PMA at MRI was 43.02\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>\u00b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    6.53 weeks (range, 31.57\u201368.00). Mean cerebellar volume was 22.17\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>\u00b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    9.63 cm\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    . Independently adjudicated developmental outcomes comprised normal development in 16 infants, isolated or specific impairment in 12, and moderate\/severe impairment in 14. Unadjusted cerebellar volumes did not differ across developmental groups (P = 0.490) or qualitative MRI categories (P = 0.875). However, the PMA-by-developmental-category interaction was significant (P = 0.002), with estimated cross-sectional slopes of 1.72, 1.56, and 0.39 cm\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    per week, respectively. The interaction remained significant within 36\u201346 weeks PMA (n = 29; P = 0.011) and after adjustment for small-for-gestational-age status. Sensitivity analyses indicated uncertainty in the stability of the interaction.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These findings suggest that age-informed cerebellar volumetric patterns may provide developmental information not evident from average volumes alone and support prospective validation with standardized imaging and developmental assessments. As a result, cerebellar volumes obtained early in life may hold prognostic information for ELBW infants.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.09.29.755417","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T08:00:11Z","timestamp":1790928011000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age-Adjusted Cerebellar Volumetry and Developmental Outcomes in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9405-6952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neurosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA"},{"name":"Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA"},{"name":"Cerebellum Science Center, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA"},{"name":"Cerebellum Science Center, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2312-9440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junseok","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA"},{"name":"Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA"},{"name":"Cerebellum Science Center, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Lazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neurosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA"},{"name":"Cerebellum Science Center, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Kralik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy V.","family":"Sillitoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA"},{"name":"Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA"},{"name":"Cerebellum Science Center, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4235-2269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason S.","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neurosciences, 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