{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T11:40:11Z","timestamp":1773315611348,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"group-title":"Developmental Biology","reference-count":48,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R35 GM136315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35 GM136315"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["OD010943"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OD010943"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/04293\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04293\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["CEECIND\/01967\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01967\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["DL 57\/2016\/CP1355\/CT0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DL 57\/2016\/CP1355\/CT0013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  The apical extracellular matrix can form elaborate three-dimensional structures on animal surfaces. To better understand the mechanisms that pattern and shape these structures, we focus on development of collagen-rich cuticle ridges (alae) in adult\n                  <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                  . Previous studies suggested that longitudinal actin filament bundles (AFBs) in the lateral seam epidermis specify alae position through a mechanism that involves post-secretory matrix delamination. Here we identify additional components of this highly organized cortical actin network and show that loss of the apical \u03b2H-spectrin SMA-1 specifically disrupts organization of the two AFBs that would normally flank the site where the middle alae ridge forms. Correspondingly,\n                  <jats:italic>sma-1<\/jats:italic>\n                  loss, or mutation of its actin binding domains, also disrupts formation of the middle alae ridge. Ultrastructurally,\n                  <jats:italic>sma-1<\/jats:italic>\n                  mutants have expanded regions of matrix delamination that can explain middle ridge loss. Together, these data highlight the importance of apical spectrin for organizing a patterned actin network within epithelia and show that, via its effects on actin organization, spectrin can also change the extracellular matrix and its patterns on animal surfaces.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.03.05.709908","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T20:05:25Z","timestamp":1773086725000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Apical spectrin organizes cortical actin filament bundles to pattern\n                  <i>C. elegans<\/i>\n                  cuticle ridges"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Prioty F.","family":"Sarwar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, U.S.A."}]},{"given":"Trevor J.","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, U.S.A."}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Biology, Queens College CUNY, Flushing, NY, USA"}]},{"given":"Fung-Yi","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, U.S.A."}]},{"given":"Ana X.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2940-8750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meera V.","family":"Sundaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, 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