{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T06:43:43Z","timestamp":1774593823053,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"group-title":"Animal Behavior and Cognition","reference-count":53,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/about\/FAQ#license"}],"funder":[{"award":["866489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["866489"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0472cxd90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["19CE02-0014-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19CE02-0014-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the Fitzpatrick Institute of African Ornithology University of Cape Town"},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["CEECIND\/03451\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/03451\/2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Sentinel behaviour occurs when individuals use raised positions to scan for predators while the rest of the group forages. Here, we investigated whether a colonial cooperatively breeding species that forages in large groups, the sociable weaver,\n                  <jats:italic>Philetairus socius<\/jats:italic>\n                  , displays sentinel behaviour. This behaviour has been reported in species with similar ecology, behaviour and foraging habits, (e.g. ground foraging in open habitats where aerial predators are common) and, hence, we expected that it could occur in sociable weavers. On the other hand, sentinel behaviour appears to be less common in species that live in very large groups. We used an experimental set-up consisting of an artificial feeding station and perches to assess occurrence of sentinel related behaviours: (i) perching events &gt; 30s on an elevated position, (ii) head-movements and (iii) alarm calling. Birds were seldom observed perching while others fed, and those that did, perched for periods that were too short to be considered as sentinel behaviour (less than 5s on average). Our results suggest that this behaviour is uncommon or even absent in sociable weavers. We discuss whether other factors such as foraging in very large groups, or interspecific foraging associations might make sentinel behaviour less important in this species.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.03.17.712373","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T11:00:14Z","timestamp":1774350014000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["No evidence of sentinel behaviour in a highly social bird based on an artificial set-up"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4965-2308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Marmelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4475-8035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliana","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0454-1053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"CEFE-UMR5175 CNRS - Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1893-3960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Doutrelant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFE-UMR5175 CNRS - Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France"},{"name":"Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7130-144X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Covas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026032622154575000_2026.03.17.712373v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1368243"},{"key":"2026032622154575000_2026.03.17.712373v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1648\/0273-8570-74.4.331"},{"key":"2026032622154575000_2026.03.17.712373v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.1232"},{"key":"2026032622154575000_2026.03.17.712373v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1365755"},{"key":"2026032622154575000_2026.03.17.712373v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(05)80104-6"},{"key":"2026032622154575000_2026.03.17.712373v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11121769"},{"key":"2026032622154575000_2026.03.17.712373v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.asb.2015.02.001"},{"key":"2026032622154575000_2026.03.17.712373v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/mu98044"},{"key":"2026032622154575000_2026.03.17.712373v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14556"},{"key":"2026032622154575000_2026.03.17.712373v1.10","unstructured":"Brown, J. 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