{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T12:32:16Z","timestamp":1774441936224,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"group-title":"Cell Biology","reference-count":33,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["UI\/BD\/152250\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/BD\/152250\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00snfqn58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["ERC CoG 101002391"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC CoG 101002391"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0472cxd90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["101130754-SUB-SCRIPT-HORIZON-WIDERA-2022-TALENTS-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101130754-SUB-SCRIPT-HORIZON-WIDERA-2022-TALENTS-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00k4n6c32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mitosis poses major challenges to cellular transcription. As cells enter mitosis, transcription is globally silenced and must be precisely restored upon mitotic exit. These processes are primarily regulated by Cdk1-dependent phosphorylation. In parallel, additional mechanisms, including Transcription Termination Factor 2 (TTF2)-mediated removal of nascent transcripts, reinforce transcriptional shutdown. How these layers of regulation control individual RNA polymerases and influence transcriptional reactivation at mitotic exit remains poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Here, we probed how TTF2 differentially controls transcription of distinct RNA classes, using polymerase-specific perturbations and nascent RNA labelling across mitosis. Loss of TTF2 led to accumulation of chromatin-associated transcripts during metaphase, predominantly RNA Polymerase II\u2013derived, consistent with its established role in transcriptional clearance. More unexpectedly, TTF2 depletion caused premature RNA Polymerase I reactivation during anaphase, resulting in unscheduled rRNA synthesis and early recruitment of nucleolar proteins. These findings place TTF2 as a novel regulator of RNA Polymerase I reactivation at mitotic exit. Disruption of this control persists beyond mitosis, resulting in increased nucleolar fragmentation in interphase. Together, these findings reveal TTF2 as a conserved regulator that interfaces with multiple RNA polymerases through functionally distinct modes of control, coordinating both transcriptional shutdown and timely reactivation across mitosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.03.22.713493","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T08:55:19Z","timestamp":1774256119000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TTF2 prevents premature rRNA synthesis during mitotic exit"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Catarina","family":"Pedro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cat\u00f3lica Biomedical Research Centre, Cat\u00f3lica Medical School, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4548-2811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Tovini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cat\u00f3lica Biomedical Research Centre, Cat\u00f3lica Medical School, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1911-5636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Peneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cat\u00f3lica Biomedical Research Centre, Cat\u00f3lica Medical School, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa"}]},{"given":"Mia Maesano","family":"Krapinec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cat\u00f3lica Biomedical Research Centre, Cat\u00f3lica Medical School, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8293-8603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel A.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cat\u00f3lica Biomedical Research Centre, Cat\u00f3lica Medical School, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026032502451179000_2026.03.22.713493v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(62)90176-3"},{"key":"2026032502451179000_2026.03.22.713493v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.11.6096"},{"key":"2026032502451179000_2026.03.22.713493v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.02-03-0036"},{"key":"2026032502451179000_2026.03.22.713493v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(00)00248-7"},{"key":"2026032502451179000_2026.03.22.713493v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004180050384"},{"key":"2026032502451179000_2026.03.22.713493v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.22.3541"},{"key":"2026032502451179000_2026.03.22.713493v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.10.19.2389"},{"key":"2026032502451179000_2026.03.22.713493v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031293"},{"key":"2026032502451179000_2026.03.22.713493v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.11.30.626186"},{"key":"2026032502451179000_2026.03.22.713493v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.01.26.701825"},{"key":"2026032502451179000_2026.03.22.713493v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(04)00234-5"},{"key":"2026032502451179000_2026.03.22.713493v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carmo, C. et al. A dual-function SNF2 protein drives chromatid resolution and nascent transcript removal in mitosis. EMBO Rep. 24, (2023).","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202256463"},{"key":"2026032502451179000_2026.03.22.713493v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.12.01.626218"},{"key":"2026032502451179000_2026.03.22.713493v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.50.31902"},{"key":"2026032502451179000_2026.03.22.713493v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.40.25541"},{"key":"2026032502451179000_2026.03.22.713493v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.35.24779"},{"key":"2026032502451179000_2026.03.22.713493v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.01.023"},{"key":"2026032502451179000_2026.03.22.713493v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201910148"},{"key":"2026032502451179000_2026.03.22.713493v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202202110","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202202110","article-title":"Real-time imaging of RNA polymerase I activity in living human cells","volume":"222","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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