{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T15:42:09Z","timestamp":1776699729931,"version":"3.51.2"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"group-title":"Ecology","reference-count":100,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:label>1.<\/jats:label>\n                <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) enables non-invasive sampling of wildlife across broad spatial, temporal and taxonomic scales. Its ongoing and widespread use has generated unprecedented volumes of acoustic data, shifting the primary bottleneck from data collection to the storage, processing, integration, and interpretation of PAM outputs. Although many software tools exist to address these challenges, differences in their design, scope, and usability often create fragmented and complex analytical workflows. To identify the key barriers and opportunities shaping the implementation of PAM surveys, we conducted a structured expert solicitation involving 30 international practitioners working across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Experts identified and ranked their most critical pain points in current PAM workflows, spanning data storage, processing, and interpretation. The top challenge identified related to accurate species identification using deep learning and artificial intelligence (AI) models, especially in noisy soundscapes or for underrepresented taxa. Eight additional priority challenges included workflow fragmentation, limited availability of user-friendly analytical and visualisation tools, uneven access to software, manual validation bottlenecks, computational constraints, and difficulties in data handling, standardisation, and sharing. Participants also proposed practical mitigation strategies for these priority challenges, supported by step-by-step guidance to help overcome key barriers. Together, these insights provide a roadmap toward more scalable, open-access, and collaborative software systems, which are increasingly essential to realise the full potential of PAM in global biodiversity monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.03.30.715176","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T13:15:13Z","timestamp":1775049313000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Overcoming software bottlenecks for scalable passive acoustic monitoring: insights from a global expert assessment"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7480-4779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martino E.","family":"Malerba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Nature Positive Solutions, Department of Biology, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3247-4182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"P\u00e9rez Granados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biodiversity Conservation and Management Programme, Forest Science and Technology Center or Catalonia (CTFC), Lleida, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1857-6257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristian","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Nature Positive Solutions, Department of Biology, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5450-674X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria M.","family":"Palacios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Nature Positive Solutions, Department of Biology, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9810-3504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen M.","family":"Bellisario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6150-3264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camille","family":"Desjonqu\u00e8res","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, Universit\u00e9 Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, F-38000 Grenoble, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2960-7757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alba","family":"M\u00e1rquez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of C\u00e1diz, Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence in Marine Science (CEIMAR), 11519 Puerto Real, C\u00e1diz, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3288-6366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sevilla, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Facultad de Biolog\u00eda, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9958-8913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph F. 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