{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:57:11Z","timestamp":1790596631817,"version":"4.1.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":93,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Planning and Evaluation (IITP) funded by the Korean Government","award":["No. 2022-0-00448\/RS-2022-II220448"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2022-0-00448\/RS-2022-II220448"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01g0hqq23","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Korea University grant"},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research, CIHR","award":["FDN-154298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDN-154298"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01gavpb45","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research, CIHR","award":["PJT-174995"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-174995"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01gavpb45","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research, CIHR","award":["PJT-206196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-206196"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01gavpb45","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research, CIHR","award":["PJT-203761"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-203761"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01gavpb45","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research, CIHR","award":["xPJT-191853"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xPJT-191853"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01gavpb45","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"SickKids Foundation","award":["NI17-039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NI17-039"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04374qe70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council","award":["NSERC RGPIN-2025-05932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSERC RGPIN-2025-05932"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h531d29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Azrieli Center for Autism Research of the Montreal Neurological Institute","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ty23t08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"BrainCanada"},{"name":"FRQ-S"},{"name":"Helmholtz International BigBrain Analytics and Learning Laboratory"},{"name":"Healthy Brains and Healthy Lives"},{"name":"Centre for Aging + Brain Health Innovation","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01zd45k33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Canada Research Chairs Program","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0517h6h17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Epilepsy at the Neuro","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ghs6f64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Human brain function emerges from the interplay between recurrent local activity and distributed inter-regional interactions. However, a biologically interpretable framework for quantifying this balance between the two factors at the whole-brain level remains lacking. Here, we extended an established biophysical model to quantify inter-regional excitation and newly introduced the recurrent ratio (R-ratio), a measure of the relative balance between intra- and inter-regional excitation. Dynamical analyses showed that an optimal R-ratio supports a trade-off between network stability and flexibility. Applying this framework to healthy aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease revealed progressively increased R-ratios with advancing age and disease severity. In healthy individuals, higher R-ratios were associated with age-related alterations in brain morphology, molecular pathology, and cognitive function, whereas Alzheimer\u2019s disease was characterized by increased R-ratios accompanied by reduced dynamical persistence. Together, these findings establish the R-ratio as a biologically interpretable marker of whole-brain excitation balance and demonstrate its utility for linking biophysical mechanisms with large-scale brain dynamics, aging, and neurodegeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.09.17.752536","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:15:13Z","timestamp":1790284513000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The balance of local and distributed excitation shapes brain stability and reflects aging- and Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related alterations"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Yeongjun","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BK21 Four Institute of Precision Public Health, Seoul, Republic of 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