{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:20:25Z","timestamp":1792790425081,"version":"4.5.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"group-title":"Radiology and Imaging","reference-count":48,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/about\/FAQ#license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tiantan Hospital Key Special Project for Clinical Research","award":["2025-A09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-A09"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program","award":["JWZQ20240101025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JWZQ20240101025"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82572171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82572171"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars","award":["JQ20035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JQ20035"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of China - National Key Research Project","award":["2022YFC2009904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2009904"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02kv4zf79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Beijing Hospital Management Center - Climb Plan","award":["DFL20220503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20220503"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02jwb5s28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Beijing Young Scholars","award":["026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["026"]}]},{"name":"Capital Medical University Young Scholars","award":["A2202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A2202"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013xs5b60","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Young Scientists Program of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University","award":["YSP202205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSP202205"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013xs5b60","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The upper cervical spinal cord is essential for motor, sensory and autonomic function, yet its normative morphometric trajectories and disease-related deviations remain unclear. Using three-dimensional T1-weighted images from 10,159 healthy individuals aged 8-85 years, we established normative references for averaged and level-specific upper cervical spinal cord morphometry, revealing measure-specific trajectories with peak ages of 29.7-44.1 years. These references were applied to 2,394 patients with seven neurological disorders: mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, cerebral small vessel disease, multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease to derive individualized deviation scores. These deviation scores captured disease-specific abnormalities, enabled disease classification, and were associated with cognition, physical disability and disease progression. Finally, a personalized upper cervical spinal cord report was developed to support individualized imaging interpretation. Together, these findings provide a normative framework for quantifying upper cervical spinal cord morphometry and advancing personalized assessment across neurological disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.10.09.26364862","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:40:17Z","timestamp":1791859217000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Upper cervical spinal cord morphometric charts: from population references to individualized clinical assessment"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1693-6439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiajia","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan 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