{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:50:10Z","timestamp":1789487410605,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Caleo","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Endod J"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: To compare the dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance, bending stiffness and phase transformation characteristics of blue heat-treated instruments, VDW Rotate (VR) and Azur Blue (AzB), at a simulated intracanal temperature of 34 \u00b1 1\u00b0C.\r\nMethods: Fifty-eight new instruments (n=29 per group) were allocated as follows: dynamic cyclic fatigue testing (n=12), bending stiffness evaluation (n=12), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (n=1), X-ray diffraction (XRD) (n=2) and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) (n=2). Dynamic cyclic fatigue testing was conducted in an artificial canal (18 mm length, 1.4 mm diameter, 45\u00b0 curvature, 5 mm radius) at 34 \u00b1 1\u00b0C. Time to fracture was recorded and converted to the number of cycles to failure, and fractured segment lengths were measured. Bending stiffness was evaluated with a 3 mm deflection range at 34 \u00b1 1\u00b0C. Differential scanning calorimetry, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used for metallurgical and fractographic analyses.\r\nResults: Differential scanning calorimetry revealed austenitic finish temperatures (AuF) of 35.8\u00b0C for VDW Rotate and 39.4\u00b0C for AzB. Azur Blue showed significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance (2039 \u00b1 250 vs. 1609 \u00b1 222 cycles), lower bending stiffness (0.85 \u00b1 0.07 vs. 1.07 \u00b1 0.08 N) and longer fractured fragment length (4.87\u00b1 0.44 vs. 3.27 \u00b1 0.75 mm) than VDW Rotate (P &lt; .05).\r\nConclusion: Azur Blue showed higher cyclic fatigue resistance, whereas VDW Rotate showed higher bending stiffness. These differences were more consistently associated with phase transformation behaviour than with external geometry alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.65717\/eej.2026.26062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T14:26:12Z","timestamp":1789482372000},"page":"391-398","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamic Cyclic Fatigue Resistance and Bending Stiffness of Blue-Treated NiTi Rotary Instruments at Simulated Intracanal Temperature: A Comparative In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.65717","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6220-9796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taher","family":"Al Omari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9726-7884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anas","family":"Al Jadaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0088-6537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yazan","family":"Al-Zain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2141-5646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haytham","family":"Abdulazziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1019-3171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amre","family":"R. Atmeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5339-0362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rashid","family":"El Abed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"55248","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"container-title":["European Endodontic Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/eurendodj.com\/index.php\/pub\/article\/download\/429\/464","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/eurendodj.com\/index.php\/pub\/article\/download\/429\/464","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T14:26:13Z","timestamp":1789482373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/eurendodj.com\/index.php\/pub\/article\/view\/429"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.65717\/eej.2026.26062","relation":{},"ISSN":["2548-0839"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2548-0839","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]}}}