{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:17:26Z","timestamp":1787771846457,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Caleo","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Adv Otol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Quantitative assessment of vestibular nerve activity has been difficult with conventional electrophysiological techniques. This study aimed to develop a novel method combining galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) with 3-dimensional video-oculography (3D-VOG) to evaluate vestibular function noninvasively.\r\nMETHODS: Eye movements were recorded from healthy individuals using a high-resolution infrared VOG system (yVOG, Yamaguchi University). Bipolar GVS was applied bilaterally over the mastoid processes with various current intensities (0.5-2.0 mA) and polarities. Horizontal, vertical, and torsional eye-movement components were extracted and analyzed in relation to stimulus parameters.\r\nRESULTS: Torsional nystagmus amplitude and slow-phase velocity increased proportionally with stimulus intensity and reversed with polarity. Healthy participants exhibited symmetric responses. The induced eye-movement responses showed reproducible polarity- and intensity-dependent characteristics.\r\nCONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that GVS-VOG provides a direct, reproducible, and noninvasive means of evaluating vestibular nerve function through eye movement analysis. The method may complement existing vestibular function tests in future clinical applications. Galvanic vestibular stimulation-video-oculography also offers utility in both research and clinical settings by linking physiological mechanisms with observable oculomotor responses. This approach holds promise as a diagnostic tool for vestibular disorders, especially when conventional tests yield inconclusive results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.65717\/iao.2026.252266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:17:28Z","timestamp":1787768248000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of Eye Movements Using 3-Dimensional Video-oculography in Response to Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.65717","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2082-728X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yosuke","family":"Okinaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0262-3792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Tsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1017-2647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yosuke","family":"Takemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2924-8413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youhei","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3975-4589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shogo","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5523-9994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Masaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3225-472X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0612-8323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuma","family":"Sugahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"55248","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"container-title":["The Journal of International Advanced Otology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.advancedotology.org\/index.php\/pub\/article\/download\/2007\/2010","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.advancedotology.org\/index.php\/pub\/article\/download\/2007\/2010","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:17:28Z","timestamp":1787768248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.advancedotology.org\/index.php\/pub\/article\/view\/2007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.65717\/iao.2026.252266","relation":{},"ISSN":["2148-3817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2148-3817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]}}}