{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T17:05:37Z","timestamp":1753895137253,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Henry Stewart Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JBCEP"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Disasters and catastrophes are increasing in frequency, severity and complexity, meaning that effective multi-organisational response has never been more pertinent. The United States\u2019 National Incident Management System (NIMS), which includes the on-scene Incident Command System (ICS) component, is mandated for use at all levels of government and is often framed, somewhat narrowly, as a mechanistic hierarchy or an organic network. The related literature is divergent: academic critiques are lamented for lacking real-world insights whereas practitioner accounts are, unfairly, dismissed as anecdotal, meaning that novel insights that inform future preparedness are needed. Accordingly, this conceptual study reimagines NIMS\/ICS using pragmatism, metaphorical analysis \u2014 informed by Morgan\u2019s seminal organisational metaphors, Pinto\u2019s \u2018Icehotel\u2019, and McCabe\u2019s \u2018Wonderland\u2019 metaphors \u2014 and symbolic logic. This paper demonstrates that NIMS\/ICS is both mechanistic and organic, and much more at the same time. They engender much-needed novel and innovative perspectives which can be embedded within training and education activities to address the increasingly complex nature of disasters and catastrophes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.69554\/gnif5652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T09:16:14Z","timestamp":1740993374000},"page":"281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Icehotel or Wonderland? Reimagining the United States\u2019 National Incident Management System"],"prefix":"10.69554","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Wier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fire and Emergency Management Program, Oklahoma State University","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Mcaleavy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Oklahoma State University","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"49795","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"container-title":["Journal of Business Continuity &amp; Emergency Planning"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T09:16:22Z","timestamp":1740993382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/hstalks.com\/doi\/10.69554\/GNIF5652\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.69554\/gnif5652","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-9224"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1749-9224"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"article-number":"JBCEP-vol18-iss3-pg281"}}