{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T04:28:30Z","timestamp":1786595310034,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Kinesiology Scholarly Trends, Abstracts, and Research","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Exerc Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective was to investigate screen time (ST) and objectively measured sleep quality in college students. Participants were undergraduate students attending a large metropolitan public university in the southeastern U.S. Participants wore accelerometers on their wrist for 24hr\/day for 14 days to capture sleep outcomes, and completed a survey reporting ST duration. Analyses explored weight-status, race\/ethnicity, and sleep patterns (presence of daytime sleep) differences among students. Participants (n=29, 86% female, ~21.5 years old, 38% White, 35% Overweight\/Obese) slept for an average of 433.8 minutes\/night, reported 419.1 minutes of daily ST, and 112 minutes of ST after 10:00PM. College students with daytime sleep (i.e., napping) reported approximately -92 minutes less of daily ST than peers (p=0.04; effect size=0.86). Further studies in larger, diverse samples are needed to explore ST and sleep, specifically the causal relationship and its potential to impact the health of college students at greatest risk of poor health outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.70252\/xdut8341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T15:25:35Z","timestamp":1755098735000},"page":"474","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Screen Time and Objectively Measured Sleep of U.S. College Students: A Brief Report"],"prefix":"10.70252","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2981-6550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donya","family":"Sedaghat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036nfer12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Central Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1732-5998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunkyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036nfer12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Central Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5681-9491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanette","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/011vxgd24","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"West Virginia University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9233-1621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keith","family":"Brazendale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036nfer12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Central Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56809","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Harvey DL, Milton K, Jones AP, Atkin AJ. International trends in screen-based behaviours from 2012 to 2019. Prev Med. 2022;154:106909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2021.106909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2021.106909"},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"2. Sidoti OS, Dawson W, Gelles-Watnick R, et al. Mobile Fact sheet. Pew Research Center. Published November 13, 2024. Accessed January 15, 2025. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/fact-sheet\/mobile\/  well-being"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Joshi SC. Sleep latency and sleep disturbances mediates the association between nighttime cell phone use and psychological in college https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41105-022-00388-3  students. Sleep Biol Rhythms. 2022;20(3):431-443.","DOI":"10.1007\/s41105-022-00388-3"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Lu S, Stone JE, Klerman EB, et al. The organization of sleep-wake patterns around daily schedules in college students. Sleep. 2024;47(9):zsad278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsad278","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsad278"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Pham HT, Chuang HL, Kuo CP, Yeh TP, Liao WC. Electronic device use before bedtime and sleep quality among university students. Healthcare (Basel). 2021;9(9):1091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare9091091","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9091091"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Ramar K, Malhotra RK, Carden KA, et al. Sleep is essential to health: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine position statement. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(10):2115-2119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.9476","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.9476"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Kahlh\u00f6fer J, Karschin J, Breusing N, Bosy-Westphal A. Relationship between actigraphy-assessed sleep quality and fat mass in college students. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2016;24(2):335-341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.21326","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21326"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Jones RD, Jackson WB 2nd, Mazzei A, Chang AM, Buxton OM, Jackson CL. Ethnoracial sleep disparities among college students living in dormitories in the United States: a nationally representative study. Sleep Health. 2020;6(1):40-47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleh.2019.10.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2019.10.005"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Chandler MC, Ellison OK, McGowan AL, Fenn KM, Pontifex MB. Physical activity and sleep moderate the relationship between stress and screen time in college-aged adults. J Am Coll Health. 2022;72(5):1401-1411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07448481.2022.2077110","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2022.2077110"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Khare R, Mahour J, Ohary R, Kumar S. Impact of online classes, screen time, naps on sleep, and assessment of sleep-related problems in medical college students during lockdown due to coronavirus disease-19 pandemic. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2021;11(1):56-61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/njppp.2021.10.09235202006092020","DOI":"10.5455\/njppp.2021.10.09235202006092020"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Navalta JW, Stone WJ, Lyons TS. Ethical issues relating to scientific discovery in exercise science. Int J Exerc Sci. 2020;12(1):1-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70252\/EYCD6235","DOI":"10.70252\/EYCD6235"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"12. Adult BMI categories. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published March 19, 2024. Accessed January 15, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/bmi\/adult-calculator\/bmi-categories.html"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Suau Q, Bianchini E, Bellier A, et al. Current knowledge about ActiGraph GT9X Link activity monitor accuracy and validity in measuring steps and energy expenditure: a systematic review. Sensors (Basel). 2024;24(3):825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24030825","DOI":"10.3390\/s24030825"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Lee PH, Suen LK. The convergent validity of Actiwatch 2 and ActiGraph Link accelerometers in measuring total sleeping period, wake after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency in free-living condition. Sleep Breath. 2017;21(1):209215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-016-1406-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-016-1406-0"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Aili K, \u00c5str\u00f6m-Paulsson S, Stoetzer U, Svartengren M, Hillert L. Reliability of actigraphy and subjective sleep measurements in adults: the design of sleep assessments. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017;13(1):39-47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.6384","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6384"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Hershner S, Chervin RD. Causes and consequences of sleepiness among college students. Nat Sci Sleep. 2014;6:7384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NSS.S62907","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S62907"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Liu F, Schrack J, Wanigatunga SK, et al. Comparison of sleep parameters from wrist-worn ActiGraph and Actiwatch devices. Sleep. 2024;47(2):zsad155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsad155","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsad155"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Eisenmann JC, Bartee RT, Wang MQ. Physical activity, TV viewing, and weight in U.S. youth: 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Obes Res. 2002;10(5):379-385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/oby.2002.52","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2002.52"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Penglee N, Christiana RW, Battista RA, Rosenberg E. Smartphone use and physical activity among college students in health science-related majors in the United States and Thailand. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(8):1315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16081315","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16081315"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Wahl S, Engelhardt M, Schaupp P, Lappe C, Ivanov IV. The inner clock - blue light sets the human rhythm. J Biophotonics. 2019;12(12). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbio.201900102","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201900102"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Liu XY, Zheng CL, Xu C, et al. Nighttime snacking is associated with risk of obesity and hyperglycemia in adults: a cross-sectional survey from Chinese adult teachers. J Biomed Res. 2017;31(6):541-547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7555\/jbr.31.20160083  sleep","DOI":"10.7555\/JBR.31.20160083"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Arora T, Broglia E, Thomas GN, Taheri S. Associations between specific technologies and adolescent sleep quantity, quality, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.08.799  and parasomnias. Sleep Med. 2014;15(2):240-247.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.08.799"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Alafif N, Alruwaili NW. Sleep duration, Body mass index, and dietary behaviour among KSU Students. Nutrients. 2023;15(3):510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15030510","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030510"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Vargas PA, Flores M, Robles E. Sleep quality and body mass index in college students: the role of sleep disturbances. J Am Coll Health. 2014;62(8):534-541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07448481.2014.933344","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2014.933344"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Christensen MA, Bettencourt L, Kaye L, et al. Direct measurements of smartphone screen-time: relationships with demographics and sleep. PLoS One. 2016;11(11):e0165331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0165331","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165331"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Okano K, Kaczmarzyk JR, Dave N, Gabrieli JDE, Grossman JC. Sleep quality, duration, and consistency are associated with better academic performance in college students. NPJ Sci Learn. 2019;4:16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41539-019-0055-z","DOI":"10.1038\/s41539-019-0055-z"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Grummon AH, Sokol RL, Lytle LA. Is late bedtime an overlooked sleep behaviour? Investigating associations between sleep timing, sleep duration and eating behaviours in adolescence and adulthood. Public Health Nutr. 2021;24(7):1671-1677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980020002050","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980020002050"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Buboltz WC Jr, Brown F, Soper B. Sleep habits and patterns of college students: a preliminary study. J Am Coll Health. 2001;50(3):131-135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07448480109596017","DOI":"10.1080\/07448480109596017"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Hargens TA, Scott MC, Olijar V, Bigman M, Edwards ES. Markers of poor sleep quality increase sedentary behavior in college students as derived from accelerometry. Sleep Breath. 2021;25(1):537-544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-020-02190-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-020-02190-2"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Stoner L, Beets MW, Brazendale K, Moore JB, Weaver RG. Social jetlag is associated with adiposity in children. Glob Pediatr Health. 2018;5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2333794X18816921","DOI":"10.1177\/2333794X18816921"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Moreno JP, Crowley SJ, Alfano CA, Hannay KM, Thompson D, Baranowski T. Potential circadian and circannual rhythm contributions to the obesity epidemic in elementary school age children. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2019;16(1):25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12966-019-0784-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-019-0784-7"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. McHill AW, Wright KP Jr. Role of sleep and circadian disruption on energy expenditure and in metabolic predisposition human obesity and metabolic disease. Obes Rev. 2017;18 Suppl 1:15-24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.12503","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12503"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Shrestha N, Grgic J, Wiesner G, et al. Effectiveness of interventions for reducing non-occupational sedentary behaviour in adults and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53(19):1206-1213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098270","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098270"},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"34. Caldwell L, Smith E. Leisure as a context for youth development and delinquency prevention. In: France A, Ross Pathways and https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781843926481  Crime Prevention. Taylor and Francis; 2013:271-297."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Rea EM, Nicholson LM, Mead MP, Egbert AH, Bohnert AM. Daily relations between nap occurrence, duration, and timing and nocturnal sleep patterns in college students. Sleep Health. 2022;8(4):356-363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleh.2022.05.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2022.05.002"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36. Gunn PJ, Middleton B, Davies SK, Revell VL, Skene DJ. Sex differences in the circadian profiles of melatonin and cortisol in plasma and urine matrices under constant routine conditions. Chronobiol Int. 2016;33(1):39-50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/07420528.2015.1112396","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2015.1112396"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Exercise Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12408073\/pdf\/ijes-25-18-4-747.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T03:58:21Z","timestamp":1786593501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/digitalcommons.wku.edu\/ijes\/vol18\/iss4\/7\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70252\/xdut8341","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-795X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-795X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]}}}