{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T03:35:30Z","timestamp":1770953730957,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Science Exploration Press","content-domain":{"domain":["www.sciexplor.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBDE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The application of sustainable manufactured sand (MS) in 3D printed concrete is currently severely restricted by the \u201cpumpability-buildability\u201d conflict, primarily characterized by the high internal friction and angularity of MS particles. To overcome this bottleneck, this study proposes a novel process-oriented strategy: a secondary mixing protocol featuring a static resting period and delayed superplasticizer addition. This approach is explicitly designed to induce a \u201crheological rejuvenation\u201d effect in stiff MS mixtures. Quantitative results demonstrate that this protocol reduces the static yield stress of high-volume MS ink (T-3) by approximately 39% (from 1,516 Pa to 924 Pa) and significantly diminishes thixotropic hysteresis, thereby successfully reopening the effective printing window to approximately 65 min. Although increasing MS content accelerates the structural build-up rate, the optimized 3D printed manufactured sand concrete (T-3) achieves a 28-day compressive strength of 61 MPa, representing a 15% enhancement over the river sand reference group (T-0). These findings confirm that the secondary mixing protocol is a robust solution capable of unlocking the potential of high-volume MS in sustainable digital construction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.70401\/jbde.2026.0029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T02:24:32Z","timestamp":1770949472000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70401\/science_exploration_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rheological rejuvenation and structural build-up of 3D printed manufactured sand concrete via secondary mixing protocol"],"prefix":"10.70401","author":[{"given":"Wenxuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9634-7791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tilin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4433-5075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huawei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"51171","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"container-title":["Journal of Building Design and Environment"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.sciexplor.com\/articles\/jbde.2026.0029","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T02:24:33Z","timestamp":1770949473000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.sciexplor.com\/articles\/jbde.2026.0029"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70401\/jbde.2026.0029","relation":{},"ISSN":["2811-0730","2811-0749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2811-0730","type":"print"},{"value":"2811-0749","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}