{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T03:21:21Z","timestamp":1793157681755,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Autoantibodies (autoAbs) neutralizing type I interferons (IFN-I) markedly increase the risk of severe manifestations of some viral diseases. The prevalence of autoAbs neutralizing at least one IFN-I, specifically IFN-\u03b12, IFN-\u03b2, and IFN-\u03c9, in individuals from the Swiss human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) cohort is largely similar to French age-matched healthy controls, with around 1% in adults by age 65 having neutralizing IFN-I autoAbs and rising thereafter. We analyzed samples from Danish individuals with HIV, including antiretroviral therapy (ART) treated (n = 260) and ART-naive (n = 58) individuals, aged 18\u201379 (mean age 46.6 years, SD \u00b1 11.1 years), and American individuals with HIV, all of whom were ART-naive (n = 292) aged 20\u201376 (mean age 41.7 years, SD \u00b1 10.1 years). In the Danish cohort, a total of 2\/318 (0.63%) individuals had autoAbs neutralizing 1 ng\/ml IFN-\u03c9, whereas 1\/318 (0.31%) had autoAbs neutralizing 200 pg\/ml IFN-\u03c9. In the American cohort, 2\/292 (0.68%) individuals had autoAbs neutralizing IFN-\u03c9 at 1 ng\/ml. Combining both cohorts, the overall prevalence of autoAbs neutralizing IFN-\u03c9 was 5\/610 (0.82%). Longitudinal samples were available for two individuals with IFN-\u03c9 autoAbs: One displayed persistently detectable autoAbs over time, whereas the other showed a decline in neutralizing activity after 2 years. Two out of five individuals with IFN-I neutralizing autoAbs had a history of IFN-\u03b1 treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Individuals with IFN-I neutralizing autoAbs shared a history of viral infections, including mucocutaneous herpesvirus infections, zoster, and human papillomavirus disease. Collectively, the prevalence of IFN-I neutralizing autoAbs in people with HIV, whether ART-treated or ART-naive, did not significantly differ from that in the general population. Whereas hepatitis C and IFN therapy may contribute to the development of autoAbs to IFN-I, these autoAbs in turn seem to predispose to mucocutaneous herpesvirus infections and HPV-related neoplasia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.70962\/jhi.20250179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T07:21:43Z","timestamp":1767856903000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70962\/jhi.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Autoantibodies neutralizing type 1 interferons in two cohorts of people with HIV"],"prefix":"10.70962","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9704-5442","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julie A.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01aj84f44","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Aarhus University 1 Department of Biomedicine, , 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