{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:47:11Z","timestamp":1791899231622,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPD1K0681"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPD1K0681"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BMRPB98"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMRPB98"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["105-2628-B-182-002-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["105-2628-B-182-002-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neutralizing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against type I IFNs (IFN-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03c9) have emerged as major acquired risk factors for severe viral infections. Human adenovirus (HAdV) is highly prevalent in children and can cause severe pneumonia, but the host determinants of disease severity remain poorly understood. We describe here a 5-year-old child with life-threatening HAdV-B7 pneumonia requiring intensive care who carried high-titer anti\u2013IFN-\u03c9 auto-Abs of the IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells produced normal amounts of IFN-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03c9 ex vivo; however, IFN-\u03c9 was undetectable in the plasma during acute illness. Functional assays demonstrated that the patient\u2019s plasma strongly neutralized IFN-\u03c9, abolishing its antiviral signaling and protective effects, resulting in high levels of adenovirus replication and virus-induced cytotoxicity. These findings implicate anti\u2013IFN-\u03c9 auto-Abs in severe adenoviral infection and support immunological screening of pediatric patients with unexplained severe viral pneumonia, which may guide targeted management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.70962\/jhi.20250255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T06:21:46Z","timestamp":1789626106000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70962\/jhi.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Highly neutralizing anti\u2013IFN-\u03c9 autoantibodies underlie severe pediatric adenovirus infection"],"prefix":"10.70962","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4147-6780","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chen-Xuan","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Immunology and Translational Medicine, Chang Gung University 1 Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Diseases, , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University 2 , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5092-7774","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jing-Ya","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Immunology and Translational Medicine, Chang Gung University 1 Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Diseases, , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University 3 , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1302-0006","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yu-Fang","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Immunology and Translational Medicine, Chang Gung University 1 Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Diseases, , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University 3 , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8935-7248","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tsai-Yi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Immunology and Translational Medicine, Chang Gung University 1 Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Diseases, , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2247-5467","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Han-Po","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Immunology and Translational Medicine, Chang Gung University 1 Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Diseases, , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University 3 , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02verss31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital 4 Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8923-9234","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jhan-Jie","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Immunology and Translational Medicine, Chang Gung University 1 Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Diseases, , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University 3 , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02verss31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital 4 Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1268-2861","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kung-Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Immunology and Translational Medicine, Chang Gung University 1 Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Diseases, , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 5 , Taipei,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9063-6453","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"You-Ning","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Immunology and Translational Medicine, Chang Gung University 1 Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Diseases, , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University 3 , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4442-2676","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chia-Chi","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Immunology and Translational Medicine, Chang Gung University 1 Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Diseases, , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University 3 , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1928-0959","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shao-Hsuan","family":"Hsia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006cymg18","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Maryland Eastern Shore 6 Physician Assistant Department, , Princess Anne, MD,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5592-6343","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jainn-Jim","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02verss31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital 7 Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4114-5877","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"En-Pei","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02verss31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital 7 Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8470-9505","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oi-Wa","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02verss31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital 7 Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4351-8953","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yhu-Chering","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02verss31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital 8 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5317-2461","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chih-Jung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02verss31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital 8 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6175-2471","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tzou-Yien","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02verss31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital 8 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University 9 , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0643-2256","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cheng-Lung","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Immunology and Translational Medicine, Chang Gung University 1 Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Diseases, , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University 3 , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02verss31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital 8 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Drug Research and Development, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology 10 , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6277-6408","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chen-Yen","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Immunology and Translational Medicine, Chang Gung University 1 Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Diseases, , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University 3 , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02verss31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital 8 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d80zx46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Chang Gung University 11 Department of Chinese Medicine, , Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.08.009","article-title":"Human adenovirus infections in pediatric population - An update on clinico-pathologic correlation","volume":"45","author":"Shieh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. J."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1584923","article-title":"Adenovirus: Epidemiology, global spread of novel serotypes, and advances in treatment and prevention","volume":"37","author":"Lynch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S246352","article-title":"Epidemiology of human adenoviruses: A 20-year retrospective observational study in hospitalized patients in Bern, Switzerland","volume":"12","author":"Akello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.3390\/v13091885","article-title":"Potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for adenovirus respiratory infection in children and young adults","volume":"13","author":"Biserni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines7030061","article-title":"Perspective on adenoviruses: Epidemiology, pathogenicity, and gene therapy","volume":"7","author":"Crenshaw","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011151","article-title":"Prevalence of human infection with respiratory adenovirus in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2206.151898","article-title":"Human adenovirus associated with severe respiratory infection, Oregon, USA, 2013-2014","volume":"22","author":"Scott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.11.004","article-title":"Clinical and molecular features of adenovirus type 2, 3, and 7 infections in children in an outbreak in Taiwan, 2011","volume":"23","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1811.120629","article-title":"Community outbreak of adenovirus, Taiwan, 2011","volume":"18","author":"Tsou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib10","first-page":"371","article-title":"Respiratory adenoviral infections in Taiwanese children: A hospital-based study","volume":"42","author":"Hsieh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00116-13","article-title":"Adenovirus infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients","volume":"27","author":"Lion","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3651-2","article-title":"Human adenovirus type 7 infection causes a more severe disease than type 3","volume":"19","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.017905-0","article-title":"Human lung innate immune cytokine response to adenovirus type 7","volume":"91","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-020-00736-9","article-title":"Adenovirus infections in immunocompetent children","volume":"22","author":"Kazmi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.08.007","article-title":"Type I interferons in host defense","volume":"25","author":"Stetson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501575","article-title":"Interference with virus infection","volume":"195","author":"Gale","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1957.0048","article-title":"Virus interference. I. The interferon","volume":"147","author":"Isaacs","year":"1957","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3787","article-title":"Type I interferons in infectious disease","volume":"15","author":"McNab","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4739","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/13.13.4739","article-title":"A novel class of human type I interferons","volume":"13","author":"Hauptmann","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519950101044","article-title":"Human interferon omega--A review","volume":"1","author":"Adolf","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2011.06.008","article-title":"Use of recombinant interferon omega in feline retrovirosis: From theory to practice","volume":"143","author":"Dom\u00e9nech","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol"},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.4149\/av_2015_04_413","article-title":"Protective efficacy of IFN-\u03c9 and IFN-\u03bbs against influenza viruses in induced A549 cells","volume":"59","author":"\u0160korvanov\u00e1","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Virol."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2017.01.028","article-title":"Molecular characterization and biological activity of bovine interferon-omega3","volume":"115","author":"An","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.55.1","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic properties of recombinant feline interferon and its stimulatory effect on 2\u2032,5\u2032-oligoadenylate synthetase activity in the cat","volume":"55","author":"Ueda","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1159\/000495897","article-title":"Type I interferons: Distinct biological activities and current applications for viral infection","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2006.08.005","article-title":"Antiviral activity of CHO-SS cell-derived human omega interferon and other human interferons against HCV RNA replicons and related viruses","volume":"73","author":"Buckwold","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd4570","article-title":"Inborn errors of type I IFN immunity in patients with life-threatening COVID-19","volume":"370","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20182295","article-title":"Inherited IFNAR1 deficiency in otherwise healthy patients with adverse reaction to measles and yellow fever live vaccines","volume":"216","author":"Hernandez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20220202","article-title":"Respiratory viral infections in otherwise healthy humans with inherited IRF7 deficiency","volume":"219","author":"Campbell","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd4585","article-title":"Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19","volume":"370","author":"Bastard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20202486","article-title":"Auto-antibodies to type I IFNs can underlie adverse reactions to yellow fever live attenuated vaccine","volume":"218","author":"Bastard","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20220514","article-title":"Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with critical influenza pneumonia","volume":"219","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13116","article-title":"Type I interferon autoantibodies in hospitalized patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome and association with outcomes and treatment effect of interferon beta-1b in MIRACLE clinical trial","volume":"17","author":"Alotaibi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir. Viruses"},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20230661","article-title":"Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs underlie West Nile virus encephalitis in \u223c40% of patients","volume":"220","author":"Gervais","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70962\/jhi.20250002","article-title":"The 2024 update of IUIS phenotypic classification of human inborn errors of immunity","volume":"1","author":"Bousfiha","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hum. Immun."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abl4340","article-title":"Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs are present in \u223c 4% of uninfected individuals over 70 years old and account for \u223c 20% of COVID-19 deaths","volume":"6","author":"Bastard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20231353","article-title":"Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-\u03b1 than with anti-IFN-\u03c9 auto-abs in children","volume":"221","author":"Bastard","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2017.08.028","article-title":"Interferon-omega: Current status in clinical applications","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005415","article-title":"E2F\/Rb family proteins mediate interferon induced repression of adenovirus immediate early transcription to promote persistent viral infection","volume":"12","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000953","article-title":"AdrA as a potential immunomodulatory candidate for STING-mediated antiviral therapy that required both type I IFN and TNF-\u03b1 production","volume":"206","author":"Rodriguez-Garcia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-024-01774-x","article-title":"A novel case of IFNAR1 deficiency identified a common canonical splice site variant in DOCK8 in Western Polynesia: The importance of validating variants of unknown significance in under-represented ancestries","volume":"44","author":"Huynh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2001451","article-title":"Genetic, immunological, and clinical features of 32 patients with autosomal recessive STAT1 deficiency","volume":"207","author":"Le Voyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002090","article-title":"Successful Brincidofovir treatment of metagenomics-detected adenovirus infection in a severely Ill signal transducer and activator of transcription-1-deficient patient","volume":"38","author":"Averbuch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.70003","article-title":"Human type-I interferon omega holds potent antiviral properties and promotes Cytolytic CD8+ T cell responses","volume":"55","author":"Nguyen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20240942","article-title":"Auto-abs neutralizing type I IFNs in patients with severe Powassan, Usutu, or Ross River virus disease","volume":"221","author":"Gervais","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20240637","article-title":"Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs underlie severe tick-borne encephalitis in \u223c10% of patients","volume":"221","author":"Gervais","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030289","article-title":"Anti-interferon autoantibodies in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1","volume":"3","author":"Meager","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4135","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI80477","article-title":"Broad-spectrum antibodies against self-antigens and cytokines in RAG deficiency","volume":"125","author":"Walter","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010072","article-title":"Anti-cytokine autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"9","author":"Howe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06717-x","article-title":"Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in humans with alternative NF-\u03baB pathway deficiency","volume":"623","author":"Le Voyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4848","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-05-286161","article-title":"Anti-cytokine autoantibodies are associated with opportunistic infection in patients with thymic neoplasia","volume":"116","author":"Burbelo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.09.018","article-title":"Anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibodies are strongly associated with HLA-DR*15:02\/16:02 and HLA-DQ*05:01\/05:02 across Southeast Asia","volume":"137","author":"Ku","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026101308594745700_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4158","article-title":"Identification of a major epitope by anti-interferon-\u03b3 autoantibodies in patients with mycobacterial disease","volume":"22","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of Human Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jhi\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.70962\/jhi.20250255\/2041752\/jhi_20250255.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jhi\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.70962\/jhi.20250255\/2041752\/jhi_20250255.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:59:55Z","timestamp":1791896395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jhi\/article\/2\/6\/e20250255\/283061\/Highly-neutralizing-anti-IFN-autoantibodies"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70962\/jhi.20250255","relation":{},"ISSN":["3065-8993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"3065-8993","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"article-number":"e20250255"}}