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Accumulating evidence points to APOLs controlling membrane dynamics linked to immunity. APOL1 and APOL3 are induced by inflammatory signalling and play key roles in the initiation and termination of inflammation by promoting the traffic of Golgi-derived membranes involved in STING activation, as well as mitochondrial membrane fission and fusion involved in auto\/mitophagy. APOL2, or murine mAPOL8, is required for profibrotic vesicle exocytosis, whereas mAPOL9 triggers bacterial membrane budding linked to gut immunity control. In dendritic cells, APOL3 or the APOL3-like mAPOL7C promote megapore formation in phagosomal membranes, allowing antigen cross-presentation and apoptosis, both probably linked to cardiolipin solubilization. In adipocytes, mAPOL6 controls inflammation-linked lipid droplets dynamics. Through their membrane-remodeling activities, APOLs participate in the control of infection by bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Thus, natural APOLs mutations represent inborn errors of immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.70962\/jhi.20250259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T15:05:03Z","timestamp":1773932703000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70962\/jhi.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Apolipoproteins L involvement in immunity"],"prefix":"10.70962","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5776-5640","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Etienne","family":"Pays","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01r9htc13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, University of Brussels 1 , Gosselies,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041016512360900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.2001.6534","article-title":"The human apolipoprotein L gene cluster: Identification, classification, and sites of distribution","volume":"74","author":"Page","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"2026041016512360900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.085647.108","article-title":"The apolipoprotein L family of programmed cell death and immunity genes rapidly evolved in primates at discrete sites of host-pathogen interactions","volume":"19","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"2026041016512360900_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13242115","article-title":"Apolipoprotein-L functions in membrane remodeling","volume":"13","author":"Pays","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026041016512360900_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02387-5","article-title":"Structures of the ApoL1 and ApoL2 N-terminal domains reveal a non-classical four-helix bundle motif","volume":"4","author":"Ultsch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun. 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