{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T14:20:16Z","timestamp":1788790816715,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2 OD026549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2 OD026549"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2 OD026554"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2 OD026554"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2 OD026557"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2 OD026557"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2 OD026556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2 OD026556"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2 OD026550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2 OD026550"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2 OD 026552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2 OD 026552"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2 OD026553"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2 OD026553"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2 OD026548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2 OD026548"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2 OD026551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2 OD026551"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2 OD026555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2 OD026555"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AOD 16037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AOD 16037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AOD 16037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AOD 16037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24OD023121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24OD023121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2 OD023205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2 OD023205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2 OD023206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2 OD023206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2 OD025277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2 OD025277"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2 OD025315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2 OD025315"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2 OD025337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2 OD025337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2OD025276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2OD025276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Federally Qualified Health Centers","award":["HHSN 263201600085U"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN 263201600085U"]}]},{"name":"Data and Research Center","award":["U2C OD023196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2C OD023196"]}]},{"name":"The Participant Center","award":["U24 OD023176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 OD023176"]}]},{"name":"Participant Technology Systems Center","award":["U24 OD023163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 OD023163"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08DK128631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08DK128631"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03DK144282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03DK144282"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007914","name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007914","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Limited genetic studies on celiac disease (CeD) are available for the Hispanic and black populations. We identified 3,481 individuals with CeD from the All of Us Research Program. Of these, 2,899 carried one of the four well-established risk haplotypes, including 262 of admixed American (89% Hispanic) and 108 of African (70% black) ancestry. An enrichment in the DQB1*02:01 allele was observed in CeD patients across all ancestries, with the strongest association in Europeans (32.3% vs. 11.6%), followed by Americans (18.5% vs. 8.1%) and Africans (15.7% vs. 8.1%). HLA-B8 conferred an additive risk for CeD independent of HLA-DQ2.5 across all three ancestries. The B8-DQ2.5 haplotype was significantly enriched in individuals with CeD but occurred at substantially lower frequencies in individuals with admixed American (3.2%) and African ancestry (1.2%) than in those with European ancestry (7.3%), accounting for \u223c34% and 38% of the lower CeD prevalence, respectively. The frequency of the B8-DQ2.5 haplotype contributes to ancestry-dependent differences in CeD prevalence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.70962\/jhi.20260050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T06:21:53Z","timestamp":1786688513000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70962\/jhi.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Linkage between HLA-B8 and HLA-DQ2.5 contributes to ancestry-dependent risk for celiac disease"],"prefix":"10.70962","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9817-5858","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xin","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05byvp690","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 1 Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1072-8628","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hemanth","family":"Karnati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05byvp690","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 1 Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9706-5292","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenjing","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05byvp690","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 1 Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1657-1276","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mary-Joe","family":"Touma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05byvp690","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 1 Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5346-5485","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ioana","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05byvp690","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 1 Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6651-4499","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Suzanne K.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01esghr10","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University 2 , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1838-0502","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chao","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05byvp690","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 4 , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4341-6367","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ezra","family":"Burstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05byvp690","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 1 Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6839-9634","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter H.R.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01esghr10","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University 2 , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5504-0378","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michele J.","family":"Alkalay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05byvp690","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 3 Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7399-2766","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Bolze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05byvp690","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 4 , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9983-2373","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiao-Fei","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05byvp690","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 1 Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05byvp690","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 4 , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.037","article-title":"Global prevalence of celiac disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.01.035","article-title":"Patient and community health global burden in a world with more celiac disease","volume":"167","author":"Gatti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.11.043","article-title":"Prevalence and morbidity of undiagnosed celiac disease from a community-based study","volume":"152","author":"Choung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1380-z","article-title":"Celiac disease: A comprehensive current review","volume":"17","author":"Caio","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31796-8","article-title":"Coeliac disease","volume":"391","author":"Lebwohl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.10","article-title":"Mucosal recovery and mortality in adults with celiac disease after treatment with a gluten-free diet","volume":"105","author":"Rubio-Tapia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00872-2","article-title":"Guidelines for best practices in monitoring established coeliac disease in adult patients","volume":"21","author":"Elli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-326645","article-title":"Nomenclature and diagnosis of seronegative coeliac disease and chronic non-coeliac enteropathies in adults: the Paris consensus","volume":"71","author":"Schiepatti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.010","article-title":"AGA clinical practice update on diagnosis and monitoring of celiac disease-changing utility of serology and histologic measures: Expert review","volume":"156","author":"Husby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-327768","article-title":"Seronegative coeliac disease and non-coeliac enteropathies: Precision medicine, precision medicine, where are you?","volume":"71","author":"Lundin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.5.624","article-title":"The first large population based twin study of coeliac disease","volume":"50","author":"Greco","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-311713","article-title":"Heritability of non-HLA genetics in coeliac disease: A population-based study in 107 000 twins","volume":"65","author":"Kuja-Halkola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.04.008","article-title":"Predictors of family risk for celiac disease: A population-based study","volume":"6","author":"Rubio-Tapia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-017-0985-7","article-title":"The roles of MHC class II genes and post-translational modification in celiac disease","volume":"69","author":"Sollid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.08.061","article-title":"AGA clinical practice update on the evaluation and management of seronegative enteropathies: Expert review","volume":"160","author":"Leonard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002075","article-title":"American College of Gastroenterology Guidelines update: Diagnosis and Management of Celiac Disease","volume":"118","author":"Rubio-Tapia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.998","article-title":"Dense genotyping identifies and localizes multiple common and rare variant association signals in celiac disease","volume":"43","author":"Trynka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2016.02.003","article-title":"Understanding celiac disease by genomics","volume":"32","author":"Withoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D977","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac1010","article-title":"The NHGRI-EBI GWAS catalog: Knowledgebase and deposition resource","volume":"51","author":"Sollis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06957-x","article-title":"Genomic data in the all of us research program","volume":"627","author":"All of Us Research Program Genomics Investigators","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02744-3","article-title":"The All of Us Research Program is an opportunity to enhance the diversity of US biomedical research","volume":"30","author":"Bianchi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7877","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03855-y","article-title":"Rare variant contribution to human disease in 281,104 UK Biobank exomes","volume":"597","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05473-8","article-title":"FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population","volume":"613","author":"Kurki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065x.1999.tb01398.x","article-title":"The genetic basis for the association of the 8.1 ancestral haplotype (A1, B8, DR3) with multiple immunopathological diseases","volume":"167","author":"Price","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2308-7","article-title":"The mutational constraint spectrum quantified from variation in 141,456 humans","volume":"581","author":"Karczewski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15393","article-title":"A global reference for human genetic variation","volume":"526","author":"1000 Genomes Project Consortium","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3268","article-title":"Fine mapping in the MHC region accounts for 18% additional genetic risk for celiac disease","volume":"47","author":"Gutierrez-Achury","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15826","article-title":"A single nucleotide polymorphism genetic risk score to aid diagnosis of coeliac disease: A pilot study in clinical care","volume":"52","author":"Sharp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-020-0700-2","article-title":"Improved HLA-based prediction of coeliac disease identifies two novel genetic interactions","volume":"28","author":"Erlichster","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000639","article-title":"Serological investigation of persistent villous atrophy in celiac disease","volume":"14","author":"Gong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X16637532","article-title":"The association between socioeconomic status and the symptoms at diagnosis of celiac disease: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Roy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2010.505931","article-title":"The prevalence of celiac disease in Europe: Results of a centralized, international mass screening project","volume":"42","author":"Mustalahti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-077131","article-title":"Coeliac disease in the Tr\u00f8ndelag Health Study (HUNT), Norway, a population-based cohort of coeliac disease patients","volume":"14","author":"Lukina","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3514-7","article-title":"Racial differences in the prevalence of celiac disease in the US population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2012","volume":"60","author":"Mardini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2004.06.018","article-title":"A direct role for NKG2D\/MICA interaction in villous atrophy during celiac disease","volume":"21","author":"H\u00fce","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2023.08.014","article-title":"Black patients are more likely to have negative serologies with celiac consistent histology in a Southeast US tertiary center","volume":"3","author":"Cartee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastro Hep Adv."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-3572-5","article-title":"Celiac disease and the forgotten 10%: The \u201csilent minority\u201d","volume":"60","author":"Lebwohl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.10395","article-title":"Screening for celiac disease: Evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"317","author":"Chou","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.05.015","article-title":"Tests for serum transglutaminase and endomysial antibodies do not detect most patients with celiac disease and persistent villous atrophy on gluten-free diets: A meta-analysis","volume":"153","author":"Silvester","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101376","article-title":"Development and external validation of a clinical prediction model to aid coeliac disease diagnosis in primary care: An observational study","volume":"46","author":"Elwenspoek","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/ZUCE8371","article-title":"Defining the optimum strategy for identifying adults and children with coeliac disease: Systematic review and economic modelling","volume":"26","author":"Elwenspoek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Technol. Assess."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004137","article-title":"Accurate and robust genomic prediction of celiac disease using statistical learning","volume":"10","author":"Abraham","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-304110","article-title":"Improving coeliac disease risk prediction by testing non-HLA variants additional to HLA variants","volume":"63","author":"Romanos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.05.040","article-title":"Analysis of HLA and non-HLA alleles can identify individuals at high risk for celiac disease","volume":"137","author":"Romanos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patter.2022.100570","article-title":"The all of us research program: Data quality, utility, and diversity","volume":"3","author":"Ramirez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Patterns (N Y)"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-024-01032-w","article-title":"Coeliac disease: Complications and comorbidities","volume":"2025","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2013.18","article-title":"HIBAG--HLA genotype imputation with attribute bagging","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J."},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4394","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz235","article-title":"HLA*LA-HLA typing from linearly projected graph alignments","volume":"35","author":"Dilthey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002270","article-title":"Effective detection of human leukocyte antigen risk alleles in celiac disease using tag single nucleotide polymorphisms","volume":"3","author":"Monsuur","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026090709223746300_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D783","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz1029","article-title":"Allele frequency net database (AFND) 2020 update: Gold-standard data classification, open access genotype data and new query tools","volume":"48","author":"Gonzalez-Galarza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Human Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jhi\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.70962\/jhi.20260050\/2040626\/jhi_20260050.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jhi\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.70962\/jhi.20260050\/2040626\/jhi_20260050.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T13:22:52Z","timestamp":1788787372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jhi\/article\/2\/6\/e20260050\/282999\/Linkage-between-HLA-B8-and-HLA-DQ2-5-contributes"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70962\/jhi.20260050","relation":{},"ISSN":["3065-8993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"3065-8993","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"article-number":"e20260050"}}