{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:55:53Z","timestamp":1791294953673,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003810","name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-0479"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-0479"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003810","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["518211\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["518211\/2020-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["937823\/2024-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["937823\/2024-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"French National Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-2021-RUS-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-2021-RUS-008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3110092025-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3110092025-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Inborn errors of type I IFN (IFN-I) immunity and neutralizing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against IFN-I (AAN-I-IFNs) impair antiviral immunity and underlie critical COVID-19. Their impact on disease severity in different populations, such as Latin American populations, remains to be better understood. This study assessed the presence of AAN-I-IFNs (anti\u2013IFN-\u03b12, anti\u2013IFN-\u03c9, and anti\u2013IFN-\u03b2) in a cohort of 458 COVID-19 patients from southern Brazil, stratified as mild (n = 224) versus non-mild (n = 234), or survivors (n = 369) versus deceased (n = 89). AAN-I-IFNs were detected in 17 patients (3.7%), with increasing prevalence across disease severity, present in one (0.4%) mild case and 16 (6.8%) hospitalized cases (P = 0.006); and eight (2.2%) survivors and nine (10.1%) deceased cases (P = 0.008). Anti\u2013IFN-\u03b12 and anti\u2013IFN-\u03c9 auto-Abs were most frequently detected, while anti\u2013IFN-\u03b2 auto-Abs were found in one patient. Our findings highlight the role of AAN-I-IFNs underlying COVID-19 severity in a southern Brazilian population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.70962\/jhi.20260096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:21:47Z","timestamp":1789539707000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70962\/jhi.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons in COVID-19 patients from southern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.70962","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2206-5502","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Renan C\u00e9sar","family":"Sbruzzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010we4y38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre 1 Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, , Porto Alegre,","place":["Brazil"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041yk2d64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul 2 Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, , Porto Alegre,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1083-5787","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adrian","family":"Gervais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05rq3rb55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut Imagine, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015 3 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, , Paris,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3418-0981","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eduarda","family":"Sgarioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010we4y38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre 1 Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, , Porto Alegre,","place":["Brazil"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041yk2d64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul 2 Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, , Porto Alegre,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4314-8630","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Silvia","family":"Gress","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010we4y38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre 1 Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, , Porto Alegre,","place":["Brazil"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041yk2d64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul 4 Faculty of Medicine, , Porto Alegre,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8599-1558","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Helena Su\u00f1\u00e9","family":"Lehmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010we4y38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre 1 Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, , Porto Alegre,","place":["Brazil"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041yk2d64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul 4 Faculty of Medicine, , Porto Alegre,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9121-5688","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martina","family":"Schroeder Wissmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010we4y38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre 5 , Porto Alegre,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6654-6415","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bibiana Sampaio de Oliveira","family":"Fam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010we4y38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre 1 Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, , Porto Alegre,","place":["Brazil"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041yk2d64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul 2 Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, , Porto Alegre,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6007-7147","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nathan A.","family":"Cadore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010we4y38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre 1 Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, , Porto Alegre,","place":["Brazil"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041yk2d64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul 2 Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, , Porto Alegre,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7341-8457","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maril\u00e9a F.","family":"Feira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010we4y38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre 1 Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, , Porto Alegre,","place":["Brazil"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041yk2d64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul 2 Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, , Porto Alegre,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6325-3086","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Osvaldo","family":"Artigal\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010we4y38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre 5 , Porto Alegre,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4548-5737","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giovanna C\u00e2mara","family":"Giudicelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010we4y38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre 6 Bioinformatics Core, , Porto Alegre,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9163-9122","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lucy","family":"Bizien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05rq3rb55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut Imagine, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015 3 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, , Paris,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7209-6257","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Cobat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05rq3rb55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut Imagine, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015 3 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, , Paris,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9040-3289","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05rq3rb55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut Imagine, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015 3 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, , Paris,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Children Research Institute, UT Southwestern 7 , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2603-0323","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anne","family":"Puel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05rq3rb55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut Imagine, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015 3 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, , Paris,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5926-8437","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paul","family":"Bastard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05rq3rb55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut Imagine, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015 3 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, , Paris,","place":["France"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05tr67282","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris 8 Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, , Paris,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7782-4169","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jean-Laurent","family":"Casanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05rq3rb55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut Imagine, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015 3 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, , Paris,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Children Research Institute, UT Southwestern 7 , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05tr67282","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris 8 Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, , Paris,","place":["France"]},{"name":"UT Southwestern Branch 9 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Genetics of Host Defense, UT Southwestern 10 , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"UT Southwestern 11 Departments of Pediatrics and Immunology, , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6339-4869","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fernanda S.L.","family":"Vianna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010we4y38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre 1 Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, , Porto Alegre,","place":["Brazil"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041yk2d64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul 2 Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, , Porto Alegre,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0128","article-title":"Human genetic determinants of COVID-19 in Brazil: Challenges and future plans","volume":"46","author":"de Oliveira Fam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12020177","article-title":"Exploring the role of immune system and inflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV-2 induced lung disease: A narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Tirelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.03.07.21252875","article-title":"Age-dependent impact of the major common genetic risk factor for COVID-19 on severity and mortality","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2021","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02156-9","article-title":"Comorbidities, multimorbidity and COVID-19","volume":"29","author":"Russell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-022-08921-5","article-title":"Risk and protective factors for COVID-19 morbidity, severity, and mortality","volume":"64","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.016","article-title":"A global Effort to define the human genetics of protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"181","author":"Casanova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70962\/jhi.20250003","article-title":"Human inborn errors of immunity: 2024 update on the classification from the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee","volume":"1","author":"Poli","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hum. Immun."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70962\/jhi.20260027","article-title":"Toward a monogenic architecture of human infections: From 1996 to 2026","volume":"2","author":"Casanova","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Hum. Immun."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70962\/jhi.20250001","article-title":"Human immunity","volume":"1","author":"Casanova","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hum. Immun."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI166283","article-title":"Unlocking life-threatening COVID-19 through two types of inborn errors of type I IFNs","volume":"133","author":"Casanova","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd4570","article-title":"Inborn errors of type I IFN immunity in patients with life-threatening COVID-19","volume":"370","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70962\/jhi.20250149","article-title":"The seven enigmas of SARS-CoV-2: From the past to the future","volume":"1","author":"Andreakos","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hum. Immun."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd4585","article-title":"Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19","volume":"370","author":"Bastard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12495","article-title":"Neutralizing type-I interferon autoantibodies are associated with delayed viral clearance and intensive care unit admission in patients with COVID-19","volume":"99","author":"Abers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-022-01252-2","article-title":"Early and rapid identification of COVID-19 patients with neutralizing type I interferon auto-antibodies","volume":"42","author":"Akbil","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-022-01095-5","article-title":"Auto-antibodies against type I IFNs in &gt;10% of critically ill COVID-19 patients: A prospective multicentre study","volume":"12","author":"Arrestier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Intensive Care"},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20210554","article-title":"Preexisting autoantibodies to type I IFNs underlie critical COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with APS-1","volume":"218","author":"Bastard","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001709","article-title":"Critically ill COVID-19 patients with neutralizing autoantibodies against type I interferons have increased risk of herpesvirus disease","volume":"20","author":"Busnadiego","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abj7521","article-title":"Identification of driver genes for critical forms of COVID-19 in a deeply phenotyped young patient cohort","volume":"14","author":"Carapito","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25509-3","article-title":"New-onset IgG autoantibodies in hospitalized patients with COVID-19","volume":"12","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-021-01203-3","article-title":"Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons in 20% of COVID-19 deaths in a French hospital","volume":"42","author":"Chauvineau-Grenier","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-022-01295-5","article-title":"Autoantibodies neutralizing type I INFs may Be associated with efficacy of tocilizumab in COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"42","author":"Chauvineau-Grenier","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-022-00925-y","article-title":"Unbiased discovery of autoantibodies associated with severe COVID-19 via genome-scale self-assembled DNA-barcoded protein libraries","volume":"6","author":"Credle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-022-01308-3","article-title":"Neutralizing type I interferon autoantibodies in Japanese patients with severe COVID-19","volume":"42","author":"Eto","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202249824","article-title":"Anti-IFN-\u03b1\/-\u03c9 neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients correlate with downregulation of IFN response and laboratory biomarkers of disease severity","volume":"52","author":"Frasca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1327","article-title":"Antibodies against type I interferon: Detection and association with severe clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients","volume":"10","author":"Goncalves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29089","article-title":"Examination of autoantibodies to type I interferon in patients suffering from long COVID","volume":"95","author":"Hansen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06392-4","article-title":"Autoantibodies against type I interferons are associated with multi-organ failure in COVID-19 patients","volume":"47","author":"Koning","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-022-01325-2","article-title":"Clinical and immunological features of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals requiring hospitalization","volume":"42","author":"Lamacchia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.03.034","article-title":"Severe COVID-19 in an APS1 patient with interferon autoantibodies treated with plasmapheresis","volume":"148","author":"Lemarquis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-222549","article-title":"Lower disease activity but higher risk of severe COVID-19 and herpes zoster in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with pre-existing autoantibodies neutralising IFN-\u03b1","volume":"81","author":"Mathian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.15789\/2220-7619-AAA-1789","article-title":"Anti-interferon alpha autoantibodies and their significance in COVID-19","volume":"12","author":"Petrikov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Russ. J. Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-023-01512-9","article-title":"Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs in the bronchoalveolar lavage of at least 10% of patients during life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"43","author":"Philippot","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2553","DOI":"10.3390\/v13122553","article-title":"Microarray-based detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 proteins, common respiratory viruses and type I interferons","volume":"13","author":"Savvateeva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01280-22","article-title":"Increased presence of antibodies against type I interferons and human Endogenous Retrovirus W in intensive care unit COVID-19 patients","volume":"10","author":"Simula","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-021-01136-x","article-title":"Pre-existing autoantibodies neutralizing high concentrations of type I interferons in almost 10% of COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care in barcelona","volume":"41","author":"Solanich","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-022-00903-6","article-title":"A comprehensive evaluation of the immune system response and type-I Interferon signaling pathway in hospitalized COVID-19 patients","volume":"20","author":"Soltani-Zangbar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-021-01036-0","article-title":"Neutralizing autoantibodies to type I IFNs in &gt;10% of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia hospitalized in Madrid, Spain","volume":"41","author":"Troya","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abh2624","article-title":"Type I interferon autoantibodies are associated with systemic immune alterations in patients with COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"van der Wijst","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2023.0003","article-title":"Autoantibodies neutralizing type III interferons are uncommon in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia","volume":"43","author":"Vanker","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03631-y","article-title":"Diverse functional autoantibodies in patients with COVID-19","volume":"595","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.07.023","article-title":"Impaired local intrinsic immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection in severe COVID-19","volume":"184","author":"Ziegler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2021.102598","article-title":"COVID-19 convalescent plasma composition and immunological effects in severe patients","volume":"118","author":"Acosta-Ampudia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.01.014","article-title":"Multiple early factors anticipate post-acute COVID-19 sequelae","volume":"185","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17344","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-43675-w","article-title":"Increased blood immune regulatory cells in severe COVID-19 with autoantibodies to type I interferons","volume":"13","author":"Saheb Sharif-Askari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.109068","article-title":"High frequency of neutralizing antibodies to type I Interferon in HIV-1 patients hospitalized for COVID-19","volume":"241","author":"Scordio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7254","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34895-1","article-title":"Defective activation and regulation of type I interferon immunity is associated with increasing COVID-19 severity","volume":"13","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-024-01708-7","article-title":"Suppression of type I interferon signaling in myeloid cells by autoantibodies in severe COVID-19 patients","volume":"44","author":"Aoki","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-024-01839-x","article-title":"Similar kinetics of pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 load in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with or without autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons","volume":"45","author":"Le Stang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.09.005","article-title":"Genetic and immunologic evaluation of children with inborn errors of immunity and severe or critical COVID-19","volume":"150","author":"Abolhassani","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2025.110491","article-title":"Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons remain a significant risk factor for critical COVID-19 pneumonia in vaccinated patients","volume":"276","author":"Antol\u00ed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28134","article-title":"COVID-19 is associated with bystander polyclonal autoreactive B cell activation as reflected by a broad autoantibody production, but none is linked to disease severity","volume":"95","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-024-01683-z","article-title":"Prevalence of neutralizing autoantibodies against type I interferon in a multicenter cohort of severe or critical COVID-19 cases in shanghai","volume":"44","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-023-01606-4","article-title":"Chest computed tomography characteristics of critically ill COVID-19 patients with auto-antibodies against type I interferons","volume":"44","author":"Lafont Rapnouil","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-023-01641-1","article-title":"Evaluation of genetic or cellular impairments in type I IFN immunity in a cohort of young adults with critical COVID-19","volume":"44","author":"Covill","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2024.110323","article-title":"Aberrant innate immune profile associated with COVID-19 mortality in Pretoria, South Africa","volume":"266","author":"van der Mescht","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/s44298-025-00149-2","article-title":"Distinct circulating autoantibodies are associated with COVID-19 hospitalization and SARS-CoV-2 neutralization activity","volume":"3","author":"Jacob","year":"2025","journal-title":"Npj Viruses"},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13070742","article-title":"The role of anti-interferon-\u03b1 autoantibodies in severe COVID-19: Implications for vaccination prioritization","volume":"13","author":"Lim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202250210","article-title":"Discriminating promiscuous from target-specific autoantibodies in COVID-19","volume":"53","author":"Lebedin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2023.0087","article-title":"High anti-interferon-alpha autoantibody levels in severe\/critical COVID-19 patients from Peru","volume":"43","author":"Pons","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70962\/CIS2026abstract.57","article-title":"Fatal H5N1 avian influenza pneumonia associated with autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons","volume":"2","author":"Conrad","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Hum. Immun."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70962\/jhi.20250189","article-title":"Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs in 40% of patients with WNV encephalitis in seven new cohorts","volume":"2","author":"Gervais","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Hum. Immun."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70962\/jhi.20250179","article-title":"Autoantibodies neutralizing type 1 interferons in two cohorts of people with HIV","volume":"2","author":"Jensen","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Hum. Immun."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13304","article-title":"Human autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs: From 1981 to 2023","volume":"322","author":"Bastard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abl4340","article-title":"Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs are present in \u223c 4% of uninfected individuals over 70 years old and account for \u223c 20% of COVID-19 deaths","volume":"6","author":"Bastard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2200413119","article-title":"The risk of COVID-19 death is much greater and age dependent with type I IFN autoantibodies","volume":"119","author":"Manry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abp8966","article-title":"Vaccine breakthrough hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs","volume":"8","author":"Bastard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20220258","article-title":"Human type I IFN deficiency does not impair B cell response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination","volume":"220","author":"Sokal","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12030403","article-title":"Mild COVID-19 in an APECED patient with Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) and high titer of type 1 IFN-abs: A case report","volume":"12","author":"Valenzise","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-022-01245-1","article-title":"Diagnosis of APS-1 in two siblings following life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"42","author":"Schidlowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70962\/jhi.20250031","article-title":"Prevalence and association of type I IFN autoantibodies with clinical outcomes in critically ill Brazilian COVID-19 patients","volume":"1","author":"Peduti","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hum. Immun."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20202486","article-title":"Auto-antibodies to type I IFNs can underlie adverse reactions to yellow fever live attenuated vaccine","volume":"218","author":"Bastard","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20220514","article-title":"Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with critical influenza pneumonia","volume":"219","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-101921-050835","article-title":"Interfering with interferons: A critical mechanism for critical COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"41","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-023-01173-8","article-title":"Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19","volume":"15","author":"Matuozzo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-021-01168-3","article-title":"Interferon-\u03b12 auto-antibodies in convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19","volume":"42","author":"Raadsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2024.03.005","article-title":"Salivary autoantibodies to type I IFNs: Mirror plasma levels, predispose to severe COVID-19, and enhance feasibility for clinical screening","volume":"66","author":"Saheb Sharif-Askari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-022-01241-5","article-title":"Low lymphocytes and IFN-neutralizing autoantibodies as biomarkers of COVID-19 mortality","volume":"42","author":"Troya","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.03.09.434529","article-title":"Longitudinal Single-Cell Epitope and RNA-Sequencing Reveals the Immunological Impact of Type 1 Interferon Autoantibodies in Critical COVID-19","author":"van der Wijst","year":"2021","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-021-01060-0","article-title":"Neutralizing autoantibodies to type I interferons in COVID-19 convalescent donor plasma","volume":"41","author":"Vazquez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1093\/jalm\/jfae080","article-title":"IFN-\u03b12 autoantibody screening and functional evaluation in viral and bacterial infections","volume":"9","author":"Cockx","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Appl. Lab Med."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20231353","article-title":"Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-\u03b1 than with anti-IFN-\u03c9 auto-Abs in children","volume":"221","author":"Bastard","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250214","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1250214","article-title":"More rapid blood interferon \u03b12 decline in fatal versus surviving COVID-19 patients","volume":"14","author":"Joly","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-022-01235-3","article-title":"Transient increase of pre-existing anti-IFN-\u03b12 antibodies induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"42","author":"Steels","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI150867","article-title":"Mild COVID-19 despite autoantibodies against type I IFNs in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1","volume":"131","author":"Meisel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30511-7","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of inhaled nebulised interferon beta-1a (SNG001) for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"9","author":"Monk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-021-01068-6","article-title":"Harnessing type I IFN immunity against SARS-CoV-2 with early administration of IFN-\u03b2","volume":"41","author":"Vinh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"uxaf074","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxaf074","article-title":"Autoantibodies against type I interferons correlate with low CD169\/SIGLEC1 and severe non-viral infections in ER patients","volume":"220","author":"Staudacher","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adl3564","article-title":"Admixture\u2019s impact on Brazilian population evolution and health","volume":"388","author":"Nunes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jiaf514","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf514","article-title":"Autoantibodies against type I interferons are a prominent feature in SARS-CoV-2 fatal disease and hospitalization","volume":"233","author":"Linhares Abreu Netto","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2026100608562858100_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22491\/hcpa-biobanco-amostras","volume-title":"Biobanco Covid-19: Amostras biol\u00f3gicas","author":"Camargo","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Journal of Human Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jhi\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.70962\/jhi.20260096\/2041433\/jhi_20260096.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jhi\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.70962\/jhi.20260096\/2041433\/jhi_20260096.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:56:35Z","timestamp":1791291395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jhi\/article\/2\/6\/e20260096\/283046\/Autoantibodies-neutralizing-type-I-interferons-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70962\/jhi.20260096","relation":{},"ISSN":["3065-8993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"3065-8993","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"article-number":"e20260096"}}