{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:01:10Z","timestamp":1784851270130,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"The Microbiological Society of Korea","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Demonstration Zones for Comprehensive TCM Reform","award":["KJS-ZJ-2025-074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJS-ZJ-2025-074"]}]},{"name":"National Demonstration Zones for Comprehensive TCM Reform","award":["GZY-ZJ-KJ-24055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZY-ZJ-KJ-24055"]}]},{"name":"TCM Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Zhejiang Province","award":["TCM-202402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCM-202402"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jmicrobiol.or.kr"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study presents the first investigation of acetyl-11-keto-\u03b2-boswellic acid (AKBA)\u2019s anti-human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) activity in vitro and elucidates its underlying mechanisms. In HCMV Towne strain-infected WI-38 cells, AKBA (1-12 \u03bcM) exhibited negligible cytotoxicity while significantly suppressing virus-induced cytopathic effects (CPE) at 6\u201310 \u03bcM, with dose-dependent reduction of viral proteins (IE1\/2 and p52) expression, viral DNA copy number (UL123, UL44, and UL32), and infectious viral progeny titer (TCID50). Time-of-addition experiments demonstrated the primary antiviral activity of AKBA during post-entry phase, along with direct virion inactivation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that AKBA significantly downregulated the expression of the host factor NR4A1 induced by HCMV, a finding further validated by Western blotting. Further gene knockdown experiments confirmed that silencing NR4A1 significantly reduced the expression of viral proteins IE1\/2, thereby validating NR4A1 as a key host factor for HCMV infection. These findings indicate that AKBA has a potent and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on HCMV replication in WI-38 cells, and proves that this effect is mediated through two different mechanisms: one is the downregulation of the expression of the key host factor NR4A1, and the other is the direct inactivation of HCMV viral particles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.71150\/jm.2601007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T02:24:49Z","timestamp":1774405489000},"page":"e2601007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.71150\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inhibitory effects of acetyl-11-keto-\u03b2-boswellic acid (AKBA) on human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in 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