{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T08:48:01Z","timestamp":1782809281082,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"ECMS","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Training opportunities in arthroscopic shoulder surgery have diminished in recent years due to reduced availability of routine procedures and increased case complexity, creating a growing need for high -fidelity virtual simulation tools. This paper presents a real-time interactive finite-element-based shoulder simulator designed to support functional task alignment with emphasis on beginner-level arthroscopic skills such as triangulation, anatomical navigation, and perception of tissue\u2013instrument interaction forces. A dynamic finite element model of the shoulder joint was implemented in the Simulation Open Framework Architecture (SOFA) using corotational finite elements, and multi-rate compliant haptic rendering. Integration of the Follou Haptic Avatar device provided realistic access through physical arthroscopic portals and enabled haptic interaction with articulated surgical instruments. The simulator achieved stable haptic feedback and computation rates of 25\u201330 Hz for complex anatomical scenes composed of over 5000 tetrahedral elements. Demonstrations showed stable instrument\u2013labrum interaction and dynamic manipulation of humeral positioning. These preliminary results indicate that the system provides a technically robust foundation for future development of intermediate and expert-level procedural training modules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7148\/2026-0221","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T08:36:46Z","timestamp":1782808606000},"page":"221-227","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Real-time finite element shoulder arthroscopy simulation with follou haptic avatar integration"],"prefix":"10.7148","author":[{"given":"Oystein","family":"Bjelland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4144","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"event":{"name":"40th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation"},"container-title":["ECMS 2026 Proceedings edited by Filippo Sanfilippo, Florenc Demrozi, Fabio Sgarbossa, Mohammad Poursina"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T08:36:54Z","timestamp":1782808614000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scs-europe.net\/dlib\/2026\/ecms2026acceptedpapers\/0221_fdem_ecms2026_0071.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7148\/2026-0221","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]}}}