{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:44:54Z","timestamp":1782841494790,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"ECMS","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Efficient urban monitoring requires methods able to estimate traffic flows on road segments with limited or no sensor coverage. This study validates a traffic flow-scaling model that combines fixed sensors and Floating Car Data in Bologna across 11 sections. Tree-based Machine Learning models, particularly XGBoost, demonstrated excellent performance after hyperparameter optimization. Using the scaled data, a short-term forecasting task (+1h and +4h) showed that tree-based models outperform a neural network based Long Short-Term Memory model in terms of accuracy and robustness. Results indicate that the integration of floating car data and fixed sensors enables accurate spatio-temporal traffic estimation, providing a scalable and cost-effective strategy for urban mobility planning and proactive traffic management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7148\/2026-0369","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T16:55:14Z","timestamp":1782838514000},"page":"369-378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrating fixed sensors and floating car data for traffic flow estimation in bologna"],"prefix":"10.7148","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Pagano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thamires","family":"De Souza Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Cavalieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Calabro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenza","family":"Torrisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4144","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"event":{"name":"40th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation"},"container-title":["ECMS 2026 Proceedings edited by Filippo Sanfilippo, Florenc Demrozi, Fabio Sgarbossa, Mohammad Poursina"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T16:55:15Z","timestamp":1782838515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scs-europe.net\/dlib\/2026\/ecms2026acceptedpapers\/0369_simai_ecms2026_0027.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7148\/2026-0369","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]}}}