{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:44:56Z","timestamp":1782841496429,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"ECMS","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Microbial growth modelling is essential for the design, optimization and control of fermentation processes. The wide variety of empirical, kinetic, structured and hybrid approaches often makes model selection difficult in practical applications. The aim of this paper is to propose a compact classification and application-oriented interpretation of the main model groups used for describing microbial growth in fermentation systems, with emphasis on unstructured models. The paper discusses the relationships between primary, secondary and tertiary models; empirical, engineering and systems-oriented descriptions; and model-driven, data-driven and hybrid approaches. Particular attention is given to logistic and Monod-based formulations, their extensions, applicability and role in process optimization. The proposed framework supports a clearer interpretation of model selection according to process complexity and engineering objectives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7148\/2026-0462","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T16:55:14Z","timestamp":1782838514000},"page":"462-469","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modeling and design of fermentation processes part 2. modeling microbial growth by unstructured models"],"prefix":"10.7148","author":[{"given":"Georgi","family":"Kostov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rositsa","family":"Denkova-Kostova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4144","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"event":{"name":"40th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation"},"container-title":["ECMS 2026 Proceedings edited by Filippo Sanfilippo, Florenc Demrozi, Fabio Sgarbossa, Mohammad Poursina"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T16:55:18Z","timestamp":1782838518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scs-europe.net\/dlib\/2026\/ecms2026acceptedpapers\/0462_simo_ecms2026_0010.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7148\/2026-0462","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]}}}