{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T19:03:55Z","timestamp":1782846235454,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"ECMS","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The high cost of modern Virtual Reality (VR) hardware remains a significant barrier to entry for multi-user experiences. This paper presents a proof-of-concept for an affordable, web-based multiplayer VR system utilizing legacy hardware and modern web standards. The proposed architecture integrates PlayStation Move controllers and PlayStation Eye cameras with the WebXR API and Three.js framework, allowing users to join a shared virtual environment via a standard mobile browser. To achieve reliable movement at a low cost, a hybrid positioning model was implemented: outside-in optical tracking for controller position and inside-out inertial tracking for head and controller orientation. Real-time synchronization of the game state among multiple players is managed by a Node.js server using WebSockets, maintaining a stable 30Hz update rate through a lightweight JSON-based communication protocol. A technical evaluation reveals critical hardware constraints, specifically the better performance of the CECH-ZCM1 controller model over the newer CECH-ZCM2 due to the presence of a magnetometer. User experience (UX) testing confirms that high levels of immersion and interactive social gameplay can be achieved using budget-friendly solutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7148\/2026-0769","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:08:43Z","timestamp":1782842923000},"page":"769-775","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multiplayer positioning in vr using low-cost hardware solutions"],"prefix":"10.7148","author":[{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Skabek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franciszek","family":"Majka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4144","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"event":{"name":"40th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation"},"container-title":["ECMS 2026 Proceedings edited by Filippo Sanfilippo, Florenc Demrozi, Fabio Sgarbossa, Mohammad Poursina"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:08:48Z","timestamp":1782842928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scs-europe.net\/dlib\/2026\/ecms2026acceptedpapers\/0769_3dmod_ecms2026_0129.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7148\/2026-0769","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]}}}