{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T19:03:55Z","timestamp":1782846235370,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"ECMS","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study presents an agent-based simulation framework for analysing social response during crisis situations, using a fire evacuation scenario as a controlled experimental setting in which the hazard is represented through the spread of smoke. Individuals are modelled as agents with different behavioural strategies, including altruistic, selfish, herding, and rational, interacting in a confined environment affected by smoke, crowding, and exit-capacity constraints. Agents update their behaviour based on local conditions, internal states such as panic and health, and interactions with nearby agents. Three controlled experiments explores how social behaviour, evacuation infrastructure, and hazard severity influences outcomes. The results reveal a non-linear relationship between altruism and survival, identify exit capacity as a critical structural constraint, and indicate that faster smoke spread increases panic, injury rates, and evacuation time. Overall, the findings demonstrate how simple individual decision rules generate complex collective evacuation dynamics under emergency evacuation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7148\/2026-0794","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:08:43Z","timestamp":1782842923000},"page":"794-803","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Agent-based model exploring impact of social traits and emerging collective patterns during an emergency evacuation operation"],"prefix":"10.7148","author":[{"given":"Haavard","family":"Oesteboe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varun Ravi","family":"Varma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia S.","family":"Noori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4144","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"event":{"name":"40th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation"},"container-title":["ECMS 2026 Proceedings edited by Filippo Sanfilippo, Florenc Demrozi, Fabio Sgarbossa, Mohammad Poursina"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:08:49Z","timestamp":1782842929000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scs-europe.net\/dlib\/2026\/ecms2026acceptedpapers\/0794_sstmsv_ecms2026_0026.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7148\/2026-0794","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]}}}