{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T19:03:56Z","timestamp":1782846236243,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"ECMS","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A virtual reality (VR) driving simulator for long-distance truck-driver training was designed to replicate stress-induced road scenarios such as overtaking, complex intersections, and roundabouts within a safe, realistic setting. To assess its user\u2010centered qualities, a study was conducted with 33 experienced drivers. After a 15-minute drive, usability, presence and cyber-sickness were measured by the System Usability Scale (SUS), the Igroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ) and the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire (VRSQ), respectively. An average SUS score of 76.38 \u00b1 21.32 was obtained, indicating acceptable usability compared to industry benchmarks. The IPQ revealed a general presence rating of 5.11\/6, with spatial presence and involvement rated 5.36\/6 and 5.1\/6, while experienced realism was rated 4.38\/6. Cyber-sickness was gathered at 27.5 \u00b1 22.73 on the 0\u2013100 VRSQ scale. The disorientation symptom scores were slightly higher than the oculomotor symptom scores, but no participant was required to stop the session early. The results demonstrate that the prototype can be tested by experienced drivers with significant comfort while providing an acceptable sense of presence. Nevertheless, improvements to visual quality, physical feedback, and interface intuitiveness are suggested to enhance usability even further. These findings will be used to guide subsequent iterations of VR simulator development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7148\/2026-0859","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:08:43Z","timestamp":1782842923000},"page":"859-865","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A virtual reality simulator for truck driver training: evaluation of usability, presence, and sickness"],"prefix":"10.7148","author":[{"given":"Lukas","family":"Paulauskas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danas","family":"Jackunas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikas","family":"Binkis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrius","family":"Paulauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4144","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"event":{"name":"40th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation"},"container-title":["ECMS 2026 Proceedings edited by Filippo Sanfilippo, Florenc Demrozi, Fabio Sgarbossa, Mohammad Poursina"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:08:51Z","timestamp":1782842931000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scs-europe.net\/dlib\/2026\/ecms2026acceptedpapers\/0859_sstmsv_ecms2026_0104.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7148\/2026-0859","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]}}}