{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:01:41Z","timestamp":1791237701089,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Introduction:\u2003Anthropometric proportions and symmetry are considered determinants of beauty. These parameters have significant importance in facial plastic surgery, particularly in rhinoplasty. As the central organ of the face, the nose is especially important in determining facial symmetry, both through the perception of a crooked nose and through the determination of facial growth. The evaluation of the presence of facial asymmetry has great relevance preoperatively, both for surgical planning and counseling.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Aim\/Objective:\u2003To evaluate and document the presence of facial asymmetry in patients during rhinoplasty planning and to correlate the anthropometric measures with the perception of facial symmetry or asymmetry, assessing whether there is a higher prevalence of facial asymmetry in these patients compared to volunteers without nasal complaints.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Methods:\u2003This prospective study was performed by comparing photographs of patients with rhinoplasty planning and volunteers (controls), n\u2009=\u2009201, and by evaluating of anthropometric measurements taken from a line passing through the center of the face, until tragus, medial canthus, corner side wing margin, and oral commissure of each side, by statistical analysis (Z test and odds ratio).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results:\u2003None of the patients or volunteers had completely symmetric values. Subjectively, 59% of patients were perceived as asymmetric, against 54% of volunteers. Objectively, more than 89% of respondents had asymmetrical measures. Patients had greater RLMTr (MidLine Tragus Ratio) asymmetry than volunteers, which was statistically significant.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Discussion\/Conclusion:\u2003Facial asymmetries are very common in patients seeking rhinoplasty, and special attention should be paid to these aspects both for surgical planning and for counseling of patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7162\/s1809-97772012000400004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,11]],"date-time":"2012-10-11T06:55:20Z","timestamp":1349938520000},"page":"445-451","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Rhinoplasty and facial asymmetry: Analysis of subjective and anthropometric factors in the Caucasian nose"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Annelyse Christine","family":"Ballin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT (ABORL). ENT Doctor."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata Vecentin","family":"Becker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical student at UFPR."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cezar Augusto Sarraff","family":"Berger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT (ABORL). Teacher in the Rhinology department of HC\/UFPR."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johann G. G. Melcherts","family":"Hurtado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MD Education, Clinical Psychology and Physical Education. Coordinator of Medical Scientific Research at HC\/UFPR."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Mocellin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD in ENT (Escola Paulista de Medicina, Brazil. Professor and Head of Department, at UFPR, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Doctor. ENT Resident at HC\/UFPR."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.9.3.184","article-title":"Objective Assessment of Facial Asymmetry in Rhinoplasty patients","volume":"9","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref2","first-page":"537","article-title":"Sexual dismorphism in the nose morphotype in adult chilean","volume":"26","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Morphol"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"The Average indian Female Nose","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Three-dimensional perception of facial asymmetry","journal-title":"The European Journal of Orthodontics Advance Access"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03208842","article-title":"Facial symmetry and the perception of beauty","volume":"5","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450590914464","article-title":"The face, beauty, and symmetry: perceiveing asymmetry in beautiful faces","volume":"115","year":"2005","journal-title":"Intern. J. Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Examination","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2010.02169.x","article-title":"The role of anthropometric measurements in nasal surgery and research: a systematic review","volume":"35","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Otolaryngology"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"International anthropometric study of facial morphology in various ethnic groups\/races","journal-title":"The Journal of craniofacial surgery"},{"key":"ref10","journal-title":"Nose Surgery (Rhinoplasty)"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.2009.1","article-title":"Effect of Midfacial Asymetry on Nasal Axis Deviation","volume":"11","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.2009.33","article-title":"Impact of Rhinoplasty on Objective Measurement and Psychophysical Appreciation of Facial Symmetry","volume":"11","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.2011.56","article-title":"Prevalence of Occult Nostril Asymmetry in the Oversized Nasal Tip","volume":"13","year":"2011","journal-title":"A Quantitative Photographic Analysis.Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Pl\u00e1stica Col\u00f4mbia","journal-title":"La Punta Nasal"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31819ae02d","article-title":"Asymmetric facial Growth and Deviated Nose","volume":"64","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"1444","article-title":"Correlation of Asymmetric Facial Growth with Deviated Nasal Septum","volume":"121","year":"2011","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"277","article-title":"The enigma of facial beauty: Esthetics, proportions, deformity, and controvery","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"77","article-title":"Facial skeletal dimensions in patients with nasal septal deviation","volume":"22","year":"1988","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg"}],"container-title":["International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.7162\/S1809-97772012000400004.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T05:35:00Z","timestamp":1705556100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.7162\/S1809-97772012000400004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7162\/s1809-97772012000400004","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1809-9777","1809-4864"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1809-9777","type":"print"},{"value":"1809-4864","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}}}