{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:19:12Z","timestamp":1792811952931,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"International Global Health Society","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Glob Health"],"DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.11.04027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]],"date-time":"2021-04-10T17:51:17Z","timestamp":1618077077000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Incidence, risk factors, and viral etiology of community-acquired acute lower respiratory tract infection among older adults in rural north India"],"prefix":"10.7189","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lalit","family":"Dar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritvik","family":"Amarchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddhartha","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention- India Country Office, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn E","family":"Lafond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debjani R","family":"Purakayastha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avinash","family":"Choudekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giridara","family":"Gopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivram","family":"Dhakad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkatesh Vinayak","family":"Narayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention- India Country Office, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Wahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reshmi","family":"Chhokar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Lindstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Whitaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aashish","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A B","family":"Dey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anand","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4223","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32203-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.","volume":"392","author":"GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)00931-4","article-title":"Pneumonia in the very old.","volume":"4","author":"Janssens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.2217\/ahe.09.74","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia in elderly patients.","volume":"5","author":"Stupka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aging Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S570","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz053","article-title":"Global and Regional Burden of Hospital Admissions for Pneumonia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis.","volume":"222","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207688","article-title":"Increasing burden of community-acquired pneumonia leading to hospitalisation, 1998\u20132014.","volume":"71","author":"Quan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-222","article-title":"The burden of community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly: the Spanish EVAN-65 Study.","volume":"8","author":"Ochoa-Gondar","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.10.015","article-title":"Burden and risk factors of ambulatory or hospitalized CAP: a population-based cohort study.","volume":"121","author":"Kolditz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2010.03.2130","article-title":"Burden of community-acquired pneumonia in North American Adults.","volume":"122","author":"File","year":"2010","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s41479-017-0042-1","article-title":"Economic burden of community-acquired pneumonia among elderly patients: a Japanese perspective.","volume":"9","author":"Konomura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pneumonia (Nathan)"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-018-0787-2","article-title":"The relative burden of community-acquired pneumonia hospitalizations in older adults: a retrospective observational study in the United States.","volume":"18","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32804-0","article-title":"Nations within a nation: variations in epidemiological transition across the states of India, 1990-2016 in the Global Burden of Disease Study.","volume":"390","author":"India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative Collaborators","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R12","first-page":"96","article-title":"Study of Clinical, Radiological, and Bacteriological Profile of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Patients of Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, Central India.","volume":"2","author":"Jain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Sci Stud"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R13","first-page":"11","article-title":"A study of clinical and etiological profile of community-acquired pneumonia with special reference to atypical pneumonia.","volume":"11","author":"Nagesh Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Niger Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R14","unstructured":"Dey S, Nambiar D, Lakshmi JK, Sheikh K, Reddy KS. Health of the Elderly in India: Challenges of Access and Affordability. In: National Research Council (US) Panel on Policy Research and Data Needs to Meet the Challenge of Aging in Asia; Smith JP, Majmundar M, editors. Aging in Asia: Findings From New and Emerging Data Initiatives. Washington DC: National Academies Press (US); 2012."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S563","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy662","article-title":"The Etiological Role of Common Respiratory Viruses in Acute Respiratory Infections in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","volume":"222","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R16","unstructured":"Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Operational Guidelines: National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly. Available: https:\/\/main.mohfw.gov.in\/sites\/default\/files\/8324324521Operational_Guidelines_NPHCE_final.pdf. Accessed: 25 March 2021."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1188-1","article-title":"Saha Set al. Epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in children - preliminary results of a cohort in a rural north Indian community.","volume":"15","author":"Krishnan","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00082507","article-title":"Definition, epidemiology and natural history of COPD.","volume":"30","author":"Viegi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7115.1060","article-title":"Acute viral infections of upper respiratory tract in elderly people living in the community: comparative, population-based study of disease burden.","volume":"315","author":"Nicholson","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02636-10","article-title":"Design and performance of the CDC real-time reverse transcriptase PCR swine flu panel for detection of 2009 A (H1N1) pandemic influenza virus.","volume":"49","author":"Shu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.4102\/ajlm.v8i1.861","article-title":"Strengthening laboratory capacity for detection of respiratory viral pathogens through Global Health Agenda (GHSA) framework.","volume":"8","author":"Whitaker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Afr J Lab Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"010433","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.09.010433","article-title":"Epidemiology of viral acute lower respiratory infections in a community-based cohort of rural north Indian children.","volume":"9","author":"Krishnan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv323","article-title":"Respiratory viral detection in children and adults: comparing asymptomatic controls and patients with community-acquired pneumonia.","volume":"213","author":"Self","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30310-4","article-title":"Estimates of global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality and aetiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.","volume":"18","author":"GBD 2016 Lower Respiratory Infections Collaborators","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e75131","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075131","article-title":"Incidence of Community-Acquired Lower Respiratory Tract Infections and Pneumonia among Older Adults in the United Kingdom: A Population-Based Study.","volume":"8","author":"Millett","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7600","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44145-y","article-title":"Clinical features for diagnosis of pneumonia among adults in primary care setting: A systematic and meta-review.","volume":"9","author":"Htun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0122247","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122247","article-title":"The Burden and Etiology of Community-Onset Pneumonia in the Aging Japanese Population: A Multicenter Prospective Study.","volume":"10","author":"Morimoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500245","article-title":"Community-Acquired Pneumonia Requiring Hospitalization among U.S. Adults.","volume":"373","author":"Jain","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-296","article-title":"The incidence and aetiology of hospitalised community-acquired pneumonia among Vietnamese adults: a prospective surveillance in Central Vietnam.","volume":"13","author":"Takahashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.129502","article-title":"Clinical and economic burden of community-acquired pneumonia among adults in Europe.","volume":"67","author":"Welte","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1086\/425615","article-title":"The burden of community-acquired pneumonia in seniors: results of a population-based study.","volume":"39","author":"Jackson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e99419","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099419","article-title":"Viral Etiologies of Hospitalized Acute Lower Respiratory Infection Patients in China, 2009-2013.","volume":"9","author":"Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.075077","article-title":"Incidence and characteristics of viral community- acquired pneumonia in adults.","volume":"63","author":"Jennings","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1086\/499955","article-title":"Viral pneumonia in older adults.","volume":"42","author":"Falsey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2011.00293.x","article-title":"Multi-site Virological Influenza Surveillance in India: 2004\u20132008.","volume":"6","author":"Chadha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04027-202103271755-R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iii1","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.121434","article-title":"BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009.","volume":"64","author":"Lim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorax"}],"container-title":["Journal of Global Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/jogh.org\/documents\/2021\/jogh-11-04027.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]],"date-time":"2021-04-10T17:51:29Z","timestamp":1618077089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/jogh.org\/documents\/2021\/jogh-11-04027.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]]},"references-count":36,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.11.04027","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2978","2047-2986"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2978","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-2986","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]]},"article-number":"04027"}}