{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T12:10:41Z","timestamp":1793794241843,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"International Society of Global Health","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Glob Health"],"DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.11.04048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T10:29:12Z","timestamp":1635071352000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":228,"title":["Causes of maternal mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review of studies published from 2015 to 2020"],"prefix":"10.7189","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Reuben","family":"Musarandega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Victoria Falls Hospital, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Nyakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhoderick","family":"Machekano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Maternal, Fetal, Newborn & Child Health Care Strategies, University of Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Pattinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen Peter","family":"Munjanja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Victoria Falls Hospital, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4223","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31470-2","article-title":"Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.","volume":"388","author":"GBD 2015 Maternal Mortality Collaborators","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R2","unstructured":"WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division. Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2017: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R3","unstructured":"WHO. UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group, Division atUNP. Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2015: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division. Geneva: World Health Organization Press; 2015."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00838-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national levels and trends in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030: a systematic analysis by the UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group.","volume":"387","author":"Alkema","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R5","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Sustainable Development Goal 3: Health. 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/sustainable-development-goals\/targets\/en\/. Accessed: 20 November 2021."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30337-9","article-title":"Setting maternal mortality targets for the SDGs.","volume":"389","author":"Boldosser-Boesch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-305847","article-title":"Country level economic disparities in child injury mortality.","volume":"100","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70227-X","article-title":"Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis.","volume":"2","author":"Say","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-017-1479-1","article-title":"Institutional maternal and perinatal deaths: a review of 40 low and middle income countries.","volume":"17","author":"Bailey","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-1120-8","article-title":"The causes of maternal mortality in adolescents in low and middle income countries: a systematic review of the literature.","volume":"16","author":"Neal","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/iht037","article-title":"Explaining differences in maternal mortality levels in sub-Saharan African hospitals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"6","author":"Montoya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12226","article-title":"Systematic review of the proportion of pregnancy-related deaths attributed to HIV in population-based studies in sub-Saharan Africa.","volume":"19","author":"Grollman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-11-65","article-title":"Systematic review of the magnitude and case fatality ratio for severe maternal morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa between 1995 and 2010. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth.","volume":"11","author":"Kaye","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12096","article-title":"A systematic review of maternal near miss and mortality due to postpartum hemorrhage.","volume":"137","author":"Maswime","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.4103\/nmj.NMJ_103_18","article-title":"Near Miss and Maternal Mortality at the Jos University Teaching Hospital.","volume":"61","author":"Samuels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Niger Med J"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nassoro MM, Chetto P, Chiwanga E, Lilungulu A, Bintabara D, Wambura J. Maternal Mortality in Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital, Tanzania. Int J Reprod Med. 2020:9082179.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9082179"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2019.1648398","article-title":"Retrospective review of maternal deaths in Hawassa Comprehensive Specialised Hospital, in Southern Ethiopia.","volume":"40","author":"Gebretsadik","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0214807","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214807","article-title":"Patterns and causes of hospital maternal mortality in Tanzania: A 10-year retrospective analysis.","volume":"14","author":"Bwana","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.066","article-title":"Maternal mortality risk indicators: Case-control study at a referral hospital in Guinea.","volume":"251","author":"Diallo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1177\/0049475519884436","article-title":"Factors associated with maternal mortality from sepsis in a low-resource setting: a five-year review at Mpilo Central Hospital, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.","volume":"50","author":"Ngwenya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R21","first-page":"74","article-title":"Mortality Synopsis Among Women of Reproductive Age Group in Nigeria: A Hospital-Based Study.","volume":"37","author":"Uchendu","year":"2020","journal-title":"West Afr J Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2019.v109i6.13215","article-title":"Causes of maternal death at Natalspruit Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.","volume":"109","author":"Uzabakiriho","year":"2019","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2202-1","article-title":"Causes and contributory factors of maternal mortality: evidence from maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response in Ogun state, Southwest Nigeria.","volume":"19","author":"Sageer","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2659-y","article-title":"Confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in Ondo State, Nigeria - a comparative analysis.","volume":"19","author":"Oyeneyin","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0226075","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226075","article-title":"Maternal death review and surveillance: The case of Central Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.","volume":"14","author":"Aikpitanyi","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672314","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2019.1672314","article-title":"Causes and contributing factors of maternal mortality in Bosaso District of Somalia. A retrospective study of 30 cases using a Verbal Autopsy approach.","volume":"12","author":"Aden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.21106\/ijma.263","article-title":"Maternal Mortality at the Dori Regional Hospital in Northern Burkina Faso, 2014-2016.","volume":"7","author":"Zaman\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J MCH AIDS"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2017.1336752","article-title":"Maternal mortality in the last triennium of the Millennium Development Goal Era at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.","volume":"38","author":"Awowole","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2018.220","article-title":"Trend and Causes of Maternal Mortality in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital: A 5-year Retrospective Study (2010-2014) at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.","volume":"6","author":"Agan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Access Maced J Med Sci"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S151784","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for maternal mortality in referral hospitals in Nigeria: a multicenter study.","volume":"10","author":"Ntoimo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0188392","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188392","article-title":"Maternal death review and outcomes: An assessment in Lagos State, Nigeria.","volume":"12","author":"Okonofua","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R32","first-page":"248","article-title":"Role of abortion and ectopic pregnancies in maternal mortality rate at three university hospitals in Yaounde.","volume":"27","author":"Kamga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2817-0","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of trends in maternal mortality in a Gambian tertiary health centre.","volume":"10","author":"Idoko","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.29063\/ajrh2017\/v21i2.6","article-title":"Associated Factors and Quality of Care Received among Maternal Deaths at a Regional Hospital in Ghana: Maternal Death Audit Review.","volume":"21","author":"Owusu-Sarpong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Afr J Reprod Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S138052","article-title":"A 3-year retrospective review of mortality in women of reproductive age in a tertiary health facility in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.","volume":"9","author":"Orazulike","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.21106\/ijma.111","article-title":"Maternal Mortality in the Main Referral Hospital in Angola, 2010-2014: Understanding the Context for Maternal Deaths Amidst Poor Documentation.","volume":"5","author":"Umar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J MCH AIDS"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.4314\/mmj.v27i1.5","article-title":"Predictors of maternal mortality among critically ill obstetric patients.","volume":"27","author":"Adeniran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malawi Med J"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-0986-9","article-title":"Puerperal sepsis, the leading cause of maternal deaths at a Tertiary University Teaching Hospital in Uganda.","volume":"16","author":"Ngonzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-05460-7","article-title":"Causes of maternal deaths and delays in care: comparison between routine maternal death surveillance and response system and an obstetrician expert panel in Tanzania.","volume":"20","author":"Said","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009734","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009734","article-title":"Maternal death audit in Rwanda 2009-2013: a nationwide facility-based retrospective cohort study.","volume":"6","author":"Sayinzoga","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R41","unstructured":"RSA NCCEMD. Saving Mothers 2014-2016: Seventh triennial report on confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in South Africa: Short report. Pretoria: Department of Health, Republic of South Africa; 2018."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R42","unstructured":"MOHCC. Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response Report. Harare: Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care, Family and Child Health Department; 2018."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"010404","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.05.010404","article-title":"Understanding maternal mortality from top-down and bottom-up perspectives: Case of Tigray Region, Ethiopia.","volume":"5","author":"Godefay","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0619-8","article-title":"Maternal near miss and mortality in a tertiary care hospital in Rwanda.","volume":"15","author":"Rulisa","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-02899-8","article-title":"Triangulating data sources for further learning from and about the MDSR in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional review of facility based maternal death data from EmONC assessment and MDSR system.","volume":"20","author":"Hadush","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13450","article-title":"When getting there is not enough: a nationwide cross-sectional study of 998 maternal deaths and 1451 near-misses in public tertiary hospitals in a low-income country.","volume":"123","author":"Oladapo","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1297","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30385-1","article-title":"Population-based rates, timing, and causes of maternal deaths, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country prospective cohort study.","volume":"6","author":"Alliance for Maternal and Newborn Health Improvement (AMANHI) mortality study group","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.4103\/1115-2613.278943","article-title":"Maternal Mortality Audit in a Tertiary Health Institution in Nigeria: Lessons from Direct Causes and Its Drivers.","volume":"24","author":"Bello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Niger J Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-1084-8","article-title":"Measuring maternal mortality using a Reproductive Age Mortality Study (RAMOS).","volume":"16","author":"Mgawadere","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.15.154849","article-title":"Community-based surveillance of maternal deaths in rural Ghana.","volume":"94","author":"Adomako","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v19i2.5","article-title":"Maternal mortality trends at the Princess Marina and Nyangabwe referral hospitals in Botswana.","volume":"19","author":"Nkhwalume","year":"2019","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16309","article-title":"Incidence and characteristics of pregnancy-related death across ten low- and middle-income geographical regions: secondary analysis of a cluster randomised controlled trial.","volume":"127","author":"Vousden","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-017-1581-4","article-title":"Severe maternal outcomes and quality of care at district hospitals in Rwanda- a multicentre prospective case-control study.","volume":"17","author":"Sayinzoga","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R54","unstructured":"WHO. The WHO Application of ICD-10 to deaths during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium: ICD-MM; Volume 1. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68397-9","article-title":"WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review.","volume":"367","author":"Khan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14219","article-title":"Obstetric hemorrhage and safe blood for transfusion in Ethiopia: the challenges of bridging the gap.","volume":"57","author":"Taye Makuria","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0204822","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204822","article-title":"A reassessment of global antenatal care coverage for improving maternal health using sub-Saharan Africa as a case study.","volume":"13","author":"Ataguba","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-0879-y","article-title":"Better than nothing? maternal, newborn, and child health services and perinatal mortality, Lubumbashi, democratic republic of the Congo: a cohort study.","volume":"16","author":"Ntambue","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0781-z","article-title":"Maternal death reviews at Bugando hospital north-western Tanzania: a 2008-2012 retrospective analysis.","volume":"15","author":"Magoma","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09320-1","article-title":"Socioeconomic and geographic variations in antenatal care coverage in Angola: further analysis of the 2015 demographic and health survey.","volume":"20","author":"Shibre","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2001.0150s1001.x","article-title":"How effective is antenatal care in preventing maternal mortality and serious morbidity? An overview of the evidence.","volume":"15","author":"Carroli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R62","first-page":"S4","article-title":"Improvements in maternal mortality in South Africa.","volume":"108","author":"Pattinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2682-z","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of stillbirth in Nigerian referral hospitals: a multicentre study.","volume":"19","author":"Okonofua","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-4-16","article-title":"WHO systematic review of maternal mortality and morbidity: methodological issues and challenges.","volume":"4","author":"G\u00fclmezoglu","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13969","article-title":"Assigning cause of maternal death: a comparison of findings by a facility-based review team, an expert panel using the new ICD-MM cause classification and a computer-based program (InterVA-4).","volume":"123","author":"Mgawadere","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.04.002","article-title":"Assigning appropriate primary cause of death and indication for medical procedures.","volume":"85","author":"Ngene","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.11.04048-202110091544-R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-018-1640-5","article-title":"Identification of breeding objectives for Begait goat in western Tigray, North Ethiopia.","volume":"50","author":"Abraham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"}],"container-title":["Journal of Global Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/jogh.org\/documents\/2021\/jogh-11-04048.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,11]],"date-time":"2023-11-11T12:01:16Z","timestamp":1699704076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/jogh.org\/documents\/2021\/jogh-11-04048.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]]},"references-count":67,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.11.04048","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2978","2047-2986"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2978","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-2986","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]]},"article-number":"04048"}}