{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:45:33Z","timestamp":1789019133343,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"International Society of Global Health","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Glob Health"],"DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.15.04152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T10:15:54Z","timestamp":1747995354000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prognostic risk profiling in COPD using Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2023 ABE and comorbidity assessment: evidence from a register-based COPD cohort"],"prefix":"10.7189","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ching-Hsiung","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan"},{"name":"PhD Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Rong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Medicine Research Centre, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Lung","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Chien","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hen-I","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang-Yun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inn-Wen","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Chiang","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan-Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chong-Jen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu County, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4223","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e069679","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-069679","article-title":"Burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990- 2019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019.","volume":"378","author":"Safiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1183","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00217-6","article-title":"The global economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for 204 countries and territories in 2020-50: a health-augmented macroeconomic modelling study.","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2346598","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.46598","article-title":"Global Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Through 2050.","volume":"6","author":"Boers","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202204-0671PP","article-title":"Definition and nomenclature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: time for its revision.","volume":"206","author":"Celli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00494-5","article-title":"GOLD COPD report: 2023 update.","volume":"11","author":"Venkatesan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001798","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2023-001798","article-title":"Comorbidities and mortality among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.","volume":"10","author":"Skajaa","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00261-8","article-title":"COPD and multimorbidity: recognising and addressing a syndemic occurrence.","volume":"11","author":"Fabbri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R8","unstructured":"Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Global Initiative for Chronic Lung Disease (2023 Report). Fontana, Wisconsin, USA: Global Initiative for Chronic Lung Disease; 2023. Available: https:\/\/goldcopd.org\/2023-gold-report-2\/. Accessed: 30 December 2024."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602518","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02518-2016","article-title":"GOLD 2017 on the way to a phenotypic approach? Analysis from the Phenotypes of COPD in Central and Eastern Europe (POPE) Cohort.","volume":"49","author":"Tudoric","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00065013","article-title":"The distribution of COPD in UK general practice using the new GOLD classification.","volume":"43","author":"Haughney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.07.021","article-title":"Prognosis of COPD depends on severity of exacerbation history: A population-based analysis.","volume":"155","author":"\u00c7olak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107506","article-title":"Impact of COPD on mortality: An 8-year observational retrospective healthcare claims database cohort study.","volume":"222","author":"Vogelmeier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2023.06.001","article-title":"A Novel Figure and Algorithm for the Gold ABE Classification.","volume":"59","author":"Miravitlles","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.15326\/jcopdf.6.1.2018.0130","article-title":"Mortality and Exacerbations by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Groups ABCD: 2011 Versus 2017 in the COPDGene\u00ae Cohort.","volume":"6","author":"Criner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis (Miami)"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30002-X","article-title":"Prediction of mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with the new Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2017 classification: a cohort study.","volume":"6","author":"Gedebjerg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3473","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S177238","article-title":"Clinical impacts of the classification by 2017 GOLD guideline comparing previous ones on outcomes of COPD in real-world cohorts.","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S429104","article-title":"Prediction of Hospitalization and Mortality in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with the New Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2023 Group Classification: A Prospective Cohort and a Retrospective Analysis.","volume":"18","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-017-0512-2","article-title":"Associations between chronic comorbidity and exacerbation risk in primary care patients with COPD.","volume":"18","author":"Westerik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2413","article-title":"Comorbidities and short-term prognosis in patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation of COPD: the EPOC en Servicios de medicina interna (ESMI) study.","volume":"142","author":"Almagro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-020-02412-1","article-title":"Pattern of comorbidities and 1-year mortality in elderly patients with COPD hospitalized in internal medicine wards: data from the RePoSI Registry.","volume":"16","author":"Argano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-205770","article-title":"Prognostic evaluation of COPD patients: GOLD 2011 versus BODE and the COPD comorbidity index COTE.","volume":"69","author":"de Torres","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S234363","article-title":"Using the BODE Index and Comorbidities to Predict Health Utilization Resources in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2021.0179","article-title":"Prevalence and Impact of Comorbidities in Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review.","volume":"85","author":"Santos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul)"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnv107","article-title":"Aging in Taiwan: Building a Society for Active Aging and Aging in Place.","volume":"56","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antoniou ASG, Burke RJ, Cooper CL. The aging workforce handbook: individual, organizational and societal challenges. 1st ed. Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing Limited; 2016.","DOI":"10.1108\/978-1-78635-448-820161001"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e019475","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019475","article-title":"Real-world effects of medications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: protocol for a UK population-based non-interventional cohort study with validation against randomised trial results.","volume":"8","author":"Wing","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001586","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01586-2020","article-title":"Real world effects of COPD medications: a cohort study with validation against results from randomised controlled trials.","volume":"57","author":"Wing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2022.01.012","article-title":"Real-World Evidence for Regulatory Decision-Making: Guidance From Around the World.","volume":"44","author":"Burns","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R29","first-page":"211","article-title":"Patient registries: a new gold standard for \u201creal world\u201d research.","volume":"4","author":"Trotter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000123","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsit-2021-000123","article-title":"Advancing the Real-World Evidence for Medical Devices through Coordinated Registry Networks.","volume":"4","author":"Sedrakyan","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Surg Interv Health Technol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s43441-019-00058-6","article-title":"Assessing Real-World Data Quality: The Application of Patient Registry Quality Criteria to Real-World Data and Real-World Evidence.","volume":"54","author":"Gliklich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther Innov Regul Sci"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.2.384","article-title":"Updated spirometric reference values for adult Chinese in Hong Kong and implications on clinical utilization.","volume":"129","author":"Ip","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.6.8970362","article-title":"Relationship between chronic dyspnea and expiratory flow limitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.","volume":"154","author":"Eltayara","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00102509","article-title":"Development and first validation of the COPD Assessment Test.","volume":"34","author":"Jones","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S172694","article-title":"Effect of dyspnea on frailty stages and related factors in Taiwanese men with COPD.","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R36","first-page":"3575","article-title":"The Chinese translation of COPD Assessment TestTM (CAT) provides a valid and reliable measurement of COPD health status in Chinese COPD patients.","volume":"181","author":"Wiklund","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2018.06.018","article-title":"Comparison between COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scores for evaluation of clinical symptoms, comorbidities and medical resources utilization in COPD patients.","volume":"118","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3939","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.20083","article-title":"Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity Might Have a Sex Difference. An analysis Based on Women\u2019s Sex Hormone Changes.","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R39","first-page":"188","article-title":"Charlson Comorbidity Index: ICD-9 Update and ICD-10 Translation.","volume":"12","author":"Glasheen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Health Drug Benefits"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.07.150","article-title":"Exacerbation History and Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Pulmonary Embolism in COPD.","volume":"166","author":"Wallstr\u00f6m","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S317177","article-title":"Characterization Associated with the Frequent Severe Exacerbator Phenotype in COPD Patients.","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04202","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.14.04202","article-title":"Impact of exacerbation history on future risk and treatment outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A prospective cohort study based on Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) A and B classifications.","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2015.12.010","article-title":"The \u2018real-life\u2019 COPD patient in Germany: The DACCORD study.","volume":"111","author":"Worth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30001-8","article-title":"Brighter than GOLD.","volume":"6","author":"Soriano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800263","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00263-2018","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment of COPD: the devil is always in the detail.","volume":"51","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201707-1363OC","article-title":"Comparison of the 2017 and 2015 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Reports. Impact on Grouping and Outcomes.","volume":"197","author":"Cabrera L\u00f3pez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S410372","article-title":"Prognostic Properties of the GOLD 2023 Classification System.","volume":"18","author":"Brat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.015","article-title":"Distribution, temporal stability and association with all-cause mortality of the 2017 GOLD groups in the ECLIPSE cohort.","volume":"141","author":"Faner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201207-1299OC","article-title":"Prediction of the clinical course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, using the new GOLD classification: a study of the general population.","volume":"186","author":"Lange","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S97924","article-title":"Differences in outcomes between GOLD groups in patients with COPD in the TIOSPIR(\u00ae) trial.","volume":"11","author":"Dusser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.32552\/2022.ActaMedica.818","article-title":"The Association Between Comorbidities and a High-Risk Status According to COPD GOLD Groups.","volume":"54","author":"\u00d6zden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Medica (Cordoba)"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-021-01424-7","article-title":"Effect of multiple comorbidities on mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Korean population: a nationwide cohort study.","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2017.10.007","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbidities in COPD patients by disease severity in a German population.","volume":"132","author":"Greulich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2021.0179","article-title":"Prevalence and Impact of Comorbidities in Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review.","volume":"85","author":"Santos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul)"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6836","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006836","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A meta-analysis.","volume":"96","author":"Yin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14008","DOI":"10.1038\/npjpcrm.2014.8","article-title":"The prevalence of COPD co-morbidities in Serbia: results of a national survey.","volume":"24","author":"Nagorni-Obradovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"NPJ Prim Care Respir Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-216390","article-title":"Relationship between heart failure and the risk of acute exacerbation of COPD.","volume":"76","author":"Axson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.13255","article-title":"Impact of diabetes mellitus on the risk of severe exacerbation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.","volume":"14","author":"Figueira Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0175794","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175794","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-The impact on mortality.","volume":"12","author":"Ho","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00241-6","article-title":"Risk of cardiovascular comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e007824","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007824","article-title":"Risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and death following MI in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"5","author":"Rothnie","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.02.046","article-title":"Mortality of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With COPD and Preceding Hospitalization for Acute Exacerbation.","volume":"158","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753465817750524","DOI":"10.1177\/1753465817750524","article-title":"Defining the relationship between COPD and CVD: what are the implications for clinical practice?","volume":"12","author":"Morgan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ther Adv Respir Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.01.013","article-title":"Multidisciplinary Management of Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Cardiovascular Disease.","volume":"60","author":"de Miguel-D\u00edez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6047","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-23-1031","article-title":"Clinical implications of wheezing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.","volume":"15","author":"Seo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18911-1","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics of asthma-COPD overlap, its association with all-cause mortality, and the mediating role of depressive symptoms: evidence from NHANES 2005-2018.","volume":"24","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-0655","article-title":"Hospitalized exacerbations of COPD: risk factors and outcomes in the ECLIPSE cohort.","volume":"147","author":"M\u00fcllerova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2010.510160","article-title":"Mortality in COPD: causes, risk factors, and prevention.","volume":"7","author":"Berry","year":"2010","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479973119855880","DOI":"10.1177\/1479973119855880","article-title":"Perceptions of COPD patients of the proposed withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids prescribed outside guidelines: A qualitative study.","volume":"16","author":"Gilworth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chron Respir Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001778","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01778-2020","article-title":"Withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids in COPD.","volume":"56","author":"Chalmers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S329454","article-title":"Effectiveness of Nationwide COPD Pay-for-Performance Program on COPD Exacerbations in Taiwan.","volume":"16","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04152-202505231004-R72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3939","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.20083","article-title":"Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity Might Have a Sex Difference. An analysis Based on Women\u2019s Sex Hormone Changes.","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cancer"}],"container-title":["Journal of Global Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jogh.org\/2025\/jogh-15-04152","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T10:16:00Z","timestamp":1747995360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jogh.org\/2025\/jogh-15-04152"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"references-count":72,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.15.04152","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2978","2047-2986"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2978","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-2986","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"article-number":"04152"}}