{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:16:20Z","timestamp":1790198180753,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"International Society of Global Health","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Glob Health"],"DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.15.04199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T11:45:30Z","timestamp":1753098330000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Determining the cause of death through mortality surveillance using verbal autopsy in Karachi, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.7189","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Raheel","family":"Allana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University, Department of Paediatrics, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inci","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabina","family":"Ariff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University, Department of Paediatrics, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer M","family":"Belgaumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UT Southwestern Medical Centre, Peter O\u2019 Donnell Jr School of Public Health, Dallas, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazia","family":"Ahsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University, Department of Paediatrics, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Obianuju","family":"Aguolu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University, Public Health Department, Division of Epidemiology, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabeen","family":"Umair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University, Department of Paediatrics, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sehrish Amir","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University, Department of Paediatrics, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tehreem","family":"Maqsood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University, Department of Paediatrics, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University, Department of Paediatrics, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fauzia Aman","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UT Southwestern Medical Centre, Peter O\u2019 Donnell Jr School of Public Health, Dallas, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad B","family":"Omer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UT Southwestern Medical Centre, Peter O\u2019 Donnell Jr School of Public Health, Dallas, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Momin","family":"Kazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University, Department of Paediatrics, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4223","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-05660-1","article-title":"Using routine health information data for research in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review.","volume":"20","author":"Hung","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.12357","article-title":"Breast cancer in low and middle income countries (LMIC s): a shifting tide in global health.","volume":"21","author":"Anderson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Breast J"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R3","first-page":"198","article-title":"Refusal to autopsy: a societal practice in Pakistan context.","volume":"5","author":"Cassum","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Res Bioeth"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002172","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002172","article-title":"Willingness to know the cause of death and hypothetical acceptability of the minimally invasive autopsy in six diverse African and Asian settings: a mixed methods socio-behavioural study.","volume":"13","author":"Maixenchs","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e006766","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-006766","article-title":"Who dies where? Estimating the percentage of deaths that occur at home.","volume":"6","author":"Adair","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.07.011","article-title":"Perinatal mortality audit: counting, accountability, and overcoming challenges in scaling up in low-and middle-income countries.","volume":"107","author":"Pattinson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0274304","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274304","article-title":"Mixed-methods analysis of select issues reported in the 2016 world health organization verbal autopsy questionnaire.","volume":"17","author":"Nichols","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.6.1081","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of physician review, expert algorithms and data-derived algorithms in adult verbal autopsies.","volume":"28","author":"Quigley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7954-8-13","article-title":"-of-death ascertainment for deaths that occur outside hospitals in Thailand: application of verbal autopsy methods.","volume":"8","author":"Polprasert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Popul Health Metr"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-12-130","article-title":"Validity of verbal autopsy method to determine causes of death among adults in the urban setting of Ethiopia.","volume":"12","author":"Misganaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2023.49.10","article-title":"Use of standard verbal autopsies to improve the mortality data capacity of civil registration and vital statistics systems in low-and middle-income countries.","volume":"49","author":"Maduekwe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Demogr Res"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e006760","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-006760","article-title":"Integrating community-based verbal autopsy into civil registration and vital statistics: lessons learnt from five countries.","volume":"6","author":"Firth","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.12688\/gatesopenres.12788.2","article-title":"Profile: maternal and child health surveillance system in Peri-urban areas of Karachi, Pakistan.","volume":"2","author":"Zeb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gates Open Research"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002486","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002486","article-title":"The WHO 2016 verbal autopsy instrument: An international standard suitable for automated analysis by InterVA, InSilicoVA, and Tariff 2.0.","volume":"15","author":"Nichols","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R15","unstructured":"World Health Organization. The WHO application of ICD-10 to deaths during the perinatal period: ICD-PM. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2016."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e229","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00497-1","article-title":"The state of health in Pakistan and its provinces and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.","volume":"11","author":"GBD 2019 Pakistan Collaborators","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-12-22","article-title":"Comparison of physician-certified verbal autopsy with computer-coded verbal autopsy for cause of death assignment in hospitalized patients in low-and middle-income countries: systematic review.","volume":"12","author":"Leitao","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12963-017-0144-2","article-title":"Trend and causes of adult mortality in Kersa health and demographic surveillance system (Kersa HDSS), eastern Ethiopia: verbal autopsy method.","volume":"15","author":"Ashenafi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Popul Health Metr"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R19","first-page":"300","article-title":"Adult mortality in slums of Karachi, Pakistan.","volume":"50","author":"Marsh","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e047095","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-047095","article-title":"Trends and causes of adult mortality from 2007 to 2017 using verbal autopsy method, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","volume":"11","author":"Fenta","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-1007","article-title":"Patterns of mortality in public and private hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","volume":"12","author":"Misganaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12963-017-0145-1","article-title":"National mortality burden due to communicable, non-communicable, and other diseases in Ethiopia, 1990\u20132015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.","volume":"15","author":"Misganaw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Popul Health Metr"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13325","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-40595-7","article-title":"Prioritizing non-communicable diseases in the post-pandemic era based on a comprehensive analysis of the GBD 2019 from 1990 to 2019.","volume":"13","author":"Shu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-320217","article-title":"Global incidence and mortality of neonatal sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"106","author":"Fleischmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0002217","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0002217","article-title":"Why do women still give birth at home; perceptions of Pakistani women and decision-makers from marginalized communities.","volume":"3","author":"Khalid","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001668","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1001668","article-title":"Rural mothers\u2019 beliefs and practices about diagnosis, treatment, and management of children health problems: A qualitative study in marginalized Southern Pakistan.","volume":"10","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czs135","article-title":"Emerging chronic non-communicable diseases in rural communities of Northern Ethiopia: evidence using population-based verbal autopsy method in Kilite Awlaelo surveillance site.","volume":"28","author":"Weldearegawi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R28","first-page":"14","article-title":"Pattern of injuries in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a one-year descriptive study.","volume":"13","author":"Wolde","year":"2008","journal-title":"East Cent Afr J Surg"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2323-z","article-title":"Patterns and risk factors for deaths from external causes in rural Malawi over 10 years: a prospective population-based study.","volume":"15","author":"Chasimpha","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001721","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001721","article-title":"Risk factors for injury mortality in rural Tanzania: a secondary data analysis.","volume":"2","author":"Ae-Ngibise","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-733","article-title":"The injury mortality burden in Guinea.","volume":"12","author":"Mamady","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04199-202507180816-R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25366","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v7.25366","article-title":"Mortality from external causes in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance System Sites.","volume":"7","author":"Streatfield","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"}],"container-title":["Journal of Global Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jogh.org\/2025\/jogh-15-04199","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T11:45:31Z","timestamp":1753098331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jogh.org\/2025\/jogh-15-04199"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"references-count":32,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.15.04199","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2978","2047-2986"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2978","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-2986","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"article-number":"04199"}}