{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T18:22:54Z","timestamp":1763662974357,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"International Society of Global Health","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Glob Health"],"DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.15.04288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T18:11:09Z","timestamp":1763662269000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validation of polyester nasal swabs for post-mortem SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis in Karachi, Pakistan: a prospective surveillance analysis"],"prefix":"10.7189","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Raheel","family":"Allana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"},{"name":"Joint first authorship."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"},{"name":"Joint first authorship."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sameer Mohiuddin","family":"Belgaumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter O\u2019 Donnell Jr School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Centre, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Furqan","family":"Kabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inci","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aneeta","family":"Hotwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fauzia Aman","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter O\u2019 Donnell Jr School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Centre, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Obianuju","family":"Aguolu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Public Health Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sahrish","family":"Muneer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazia","family":"Ahsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saad B","family":"Omer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter O\u2019 Donnell Jr School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Centre, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdul Momin","family":"Kazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4223","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1039\/D1EM00154J","article-title":"Influence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a review from the climate change perspective.","volume":"23","author":"Ukhurebor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Sci Process Impacts"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.10.011","article-title":"Population-based seroprevalence surveys of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody: An up-to-date review.","volume":"101","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e300","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820002745","article-title":"Prevalence of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection using a seroepidemiological survey.","volume":"148","author":"Shakiba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.03.040","article-title":"Serial population-based serosurveys for COVID-19 in two neighbourhoods of Karachi, Pakistan.","volume":"106","author":"Nisar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"01562","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01562-20","article-title":"Approach to assessment of new swabs and viral transport media for SARS-CoV-2 testing.","volume":"59","author":"Locher","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S161","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa161.352","article-title":"In-House Viral Transport Medium (VTM) manufacture in the time of shortage, supply and crisis of COVID-19 at Veteran Affairs Medical Center (VAMC).","volume":"154","author":"Petersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0128523","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01285-23","article-title":"Tiny swabs: nasal swabs integrated into tube caps facilitate large-scale self-collected SARS-CoV-2 testing.","volume":"62","author":"Pfau","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0110821","DOI":"10.1128\/Spectrum.01108-21","article-title":"A cold chain-independent specimen collection and transport medium improves diagnostic sensitivity and minimizes biosafety challenges of COVID-19 molecular diagnosis.","volume":"9","author":"Saini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s10527-021-10120-z","article-title":"Comparison of the physical properties and effectiveness of medical swabs for sampling biomaterials.","volume":"55","author":"Kashapov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Eng (NY)"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00461-z","article-title":"Considerations for diagnostic COVID-19 tests.","volume":"19","author":"Vandenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-021-00216-9","article-title":"Temporal stability and detection sensitivity of the dry swab-based diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.","volume":"46","author":"Gokulan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Biosci"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6624932","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/6624932","article-title":"Dry Swab-Based Nucleic Acid Extraction vs. Spin Column-Based Nucleic Acid Extraction for COVID-19 RT-PCR Testing: A Comparative Study.","volume":"2023","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e160","DOI":"10.5210\/ojphi.v10i1.8953","article-title":"Profile: Health and Demographic Surveillance System of Pakistan (KHDSS).","volume":"10","author":"Naeem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Online J Public Health Inform"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ohx.2020.e00135","article-title":"Parametric nasopharyngeal swab for sampling COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses: Open source design, SLA 3-D printing and UV curing system.","volume":"8","author":"Gallup","year":"2020","journal-title":"HardwareX"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04199","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.15.04199","article-title":"Determining the cause of death through mortality surveillance using verbal autopsy in Karachi, Pakistan.","volume":"15","author":"Allana","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11080949","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2: adapting Illumina protocols for quick and accurate outbreak investigation during a pandemic.","volume":"11","author":"Pillay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1099-2_2","article-title":"The Illumina sequencing protocol and the NovaSeq 6000 system.","volume":"2241","author":"Modi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R18","unstructured":"Chan Zuckerberg. ID. Homepage. 2025. Available: https:\/\/czid.org. Accessed: 7 October 2025."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-015-0840-5","article-title":"Pathosphere. org: pathogen detection and characterization through a web-based, open source informatics platform.","volume":"16","author":"Kilianski","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0245423","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245423","article-title":"Polyester nasal swabs collected in a dry tube are a robust and inexpensive, minimal self-collection kit for SARS-CoV-2 testing.","volume":"16","author":"Padgett","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9091910","article-title":"Sensitivity of rapid antigen testing and RT-PCR performed on nasopharyngeal swabs versus saliva samples in COVID-19 hospitalized patients: results of a prospective comparative trial (RESTART).","volume":"9","author":"Kritikos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0241100","DOI":"10.1186\/2052-0492-1-10","article-title":"A comparison of health care worker-collected foam and polyester nasal swabs in convalescent COVID-19 patients.","volume":"15","author":"Hart","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.09.011","article-title":"Yield of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on moist swabs versus dry swabs.","volume":"41","author":"Codrington","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1006.030716","article-title":"Swab materials and Bacillus anthracis spore recovery from nonporous surfaces.","volume":"10","author":"Rose","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2010.02.027","article-title":"New technique to take samples from environmental surfaces using flocked nylon swabs.","volume":"75","author":"Hedin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.1.138-142.1992","article-title":"Rapid detection of group A streptococci: comparative performance by nurses and laboratory technologists in pediatric satellite laboratories using three test kits.","volume":"30","author":"Donatelli","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-023-09539-3","article-title":"Sequential viral introductions and spread of BA. 1 across Pakistan provinces during the Omicron wave.","volume":"24","author":"Bukhari","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04288-202511201833-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386271","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1386271","article-title":"Genomic surveillance and serological profile of SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in Maca\u00e9 and nearby cities, southeastern Brazil.","volume":"15","author":"da Silva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Global Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jogh.org\/2025\/jogh-15-04288","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T18:11:10Z","timestamp":1763662270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jogh.org\/2025\/jogh-15-04288"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"references-count":28,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.15.04288","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2978","2047-2986"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2978","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-2986","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"article-number":"04288"}}