{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T22:16:38Z","timestamp":1793657798000,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"International Society of Global Health","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Glob Health"],"DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.15.04335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T10:54:45Z","timestamp":1763117685000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Monitoring and evaluation of community interventions for viral hepatitis among migrants and refugees: a Delphi-based study"],"prefix":"10.7189","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Domenico","family":"Pascucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aina","family":"Nicol\u00e0s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelrahman","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey V","family":"Lazarus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Di Pumpo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittoria","family":"Tricomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Di Berardino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"La Vecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Milan, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A","family":"Perez-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal IRYCIS, National Referral Centre for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Colucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila A","family":"Picchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo Maria","family":"Pezzullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Boccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4223","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00321-7","article-title":"Progress towards elimination of viral hepatitis: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission update.","volume":"9","author":"Cooke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R2","unstructured":"United Nations. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. 2015. Available: https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/2030agenda. Accessed: 1 March 2025."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R3","unstructured":"WHO. Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis 2016-2021. Towards ending viral hepatitis. 2016. Available: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/246177\/WHO-HIV-2016.06-eng.pdf. Accessed: 1 March 2025."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.12.005","article-title":"The burden of liver disease in Europe: a review of available epidemiological data.","volume":"58","author":"Blachier","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R5","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Monitoring of the responses to the hepatitis B and C epidemics in EU\/EEA countries. 2023. Available: https:\/\/data.europa.eu\/doi\/10.2900\/49867. Accessed: 10 March 2025."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R6","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Hepatitis Report 2024: Action for Access in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. 1st ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2024."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-022-01448-z","article-title":"Prevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa Before Onward Dispersal Toward Europe.","volume":"25","author":"Saaed","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R8","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Epidemiological assessment of hepatitis B and C among migrants in the EU\/EEA. LU: Publications Office; 2016. Available: https:\/\/data.europa.eu\/doi\/10.2900\/05429. Accessed: 7 March 2025."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200738","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.30.2200738","article-title":"Estimates of hepatitis B virus prevalence among general population and key risk groups in EU\/EEA\/UK countries: a systematic review.","volume":"28","author":"Bivegete","year":"2023","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R10","unstructured":"European Commission. Europe\u2019s Beating Cancer Plan. Available: https:\/\/health.ec.europa.eu\/system\/files\/2022-02\/eu_cancer-plan_en_0.pdf. Accessed: 2 March 2025."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R11","unstructured":"ISGlobal. VH-COMSAVAC-Viral Hepatitis COMmunity Screening, Vaccination, and Care. Available: https:\/\/www.isglobal.org\/en\/-\/vh-comsavac. Accessed: 2 March 2025."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0520","article-title":"Screening of Imported Infectious Diseases Among Asymptomatic Sub-Saharan African and Latin American Immigrants: A Public Health Challenge.","volume":"92","author":"Monge-Maillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30009","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.35.30009","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus infection in undocumented migrants and refugees in southern Italy, January 2012 to June 2013.","volume":"20","author":"Coppola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen CG, Arbelaez DG, Arechiga C, Belliard A, Belliard JC, Daly M, et al. Cultural Mediation Among Individuals, Communities, and Health and Social Service Systems. In: St. John JA, Mayfield-Johnson SL, Hern\u00e1ndez-Gordon WD, editors. Promoting the Health of the Community. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2021. p. 55\u201386.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-56375-2_5"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-016-0298-8","article-title":"What is the scope of improving immigrant and ethnic minority healthcare using community navigators: A systematic scoping review.","volume":"15","author":"Shommu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13182","article-title":"Hepatitis B and C testing strategies in healthcare and community settings in the EU\/EEA: A systematic review.","volume":"26","author":"Mason","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R17","unstructured":"Recommended Package of Interventions for HIV. Viral Hepatitis and STI Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment and Care for People Who Inject Drugs: Policy Brief. 1st ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2023."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R18","first-page":"302","article-title":"Limited access to hepatitis B\/C treatment among vulnerable risk populations: an expert survey in six European countries.","volume":"27","author":"Falla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058-020-00034-4","article-title":"Barriers and strategies for implementing community-based interventions with minority elders: positive minds-strong bodies.","volume":"1","author":"Porteny","year":"2020","journal-title":"Implement Sci Commun"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1666841","article-title":"The Micro-Elimination Approach to Eliminating Hepatitis C: Strategic and Operational Considerations.","volume":"38","author":"Lazarus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R21","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Monitoring and evaluation for viral hepatitis B and C: recommended indicators and framework. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2016."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R22","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Monitoring of responses to the hepatitis B and C epidemics in EU\/EEA countries: 2020 data. Luxembourg: Publications Office; 2022. Available: https:\/\/data.europa.eu\/doi\/10.2900\/245108. Accessed: 7 March 2025."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R23","unstructured":"Pascucci D, Pezzullo A, Picchio C, Nicolas A, Di Pumpo M. Monitoring and evaluation of viral hepatitis B and C screening, prevention and management: a protocol for prioritisation of performance indicators for community programmes targeting migrants and refugees. OSF Registries; 2024. Available: https:\/\/osf.io\/m7jz3\/. Accessed: 7 March 2025."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R24","first-page":"10","article-title":"The Delphi technique: making sense of consensus.","volume":"12","author":"Hsu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pract Assess, Res Eval"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.04.035","article-title":"A global research priority agenda to advance public health responses to fatty liver disease.","volume":"79","author":"Lazarus","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05398-2","article-title":"A multinational Delphi consensus to end the COVID-19 public health threat.","volume":"611","author":"Lazarus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0803-x","article-title":"Joint international consensus statement for ending stigma of obesity.","volume":"26","author":"Rubino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000520","article-title":"A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature.","volume":"78","author":"Rinella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0304651","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0304651","article-title":"Delphi studies in social and health sciences\u2014Recommendations for an interdisciplinary standardized reporting (DELPHISTAR). Results of a Delphi study.","volume":"19","author":"Niederberger","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews.","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.20.260919","article-title":"Improving care of migrants is key for viral hepatitis elimination in Europe.","volume":"99","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"mzab107","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzab107","article-title":"What makes a good quality indicator set? A systematic review of criteria.","volume":"33","author":"Schang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60415-2","article-title":"Towards good practice for health statistics: lessons from the Millennium Development Goal health indicators.","volume":"369","author":"Murray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S104807","article-title":"Information bias in health research: definition, pitfalls, and adjustment methods.","volume":"9","author":"Althubaiti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3138\/canlivj-2023-0015","article-title":"Factors associated with knowledge and awareness of Hepatitis B in individuals of Chinese descent: Results from a mass point of care testing and outreach campaign in Toronto, Canada.","volume":"7","author":"Mendlowitz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Can Liver J"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.07.002","article-title":"Interventions to enhance testing, linkage to care and treatment uptake for hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs: A systematic review.","volume":"47","author":"Bajis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofv162","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv162","article-title":"Simultaneous Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B-Hepatitis C Point-of-Care Tests Improve Outcomes in Linkage-to-Care: Results of a Randomized Control Trial in Persons Without Healthcare Coverage.","volume":"2","author":"Bottero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05601-7","article-title":"Acceptability of on-site rapid HIV\/HBV\/HCV testing and HBV vaccination among three at-risk populations in distinct community-healthcare outreach centres: the ANRS-SHS 154 CUBE study.","volume":"20","author":"Calin","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000693","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000693","article-title":"ANRS\u2013COM\u2019TEST: description of a community-based HIV testing intervention in non-medical settings for men who have sex with men.","volume":"2","author":"Champenois","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61225","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061225","article-title":"Expanding Access to Non-Medicalized Community-Based Rapid Testing to Men Who Have Sex with Men: An Urgent HIV Prevention Intervention (The ANRS-DRAG Study).","volume":"8","author":"Lorente","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckw054","article-title":"Referral of newly diagnosed chronic hepatitis B and C patients in six EU countries: results of the HEPscreen Project.","volume":"26","author":"Levi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2020.11.001","article-title":"Hepatitis C standards of care: A review of good practices since the advent of direct-acting antiviral therapy.","volume":"45","author":"Lazarus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07886-2","article-title":"Monitoring the progress towards the elimination of hepatitis B and C in Sweden: estimation of core indicators for 2015 and 2018.","volume":"22","author":"Colombe","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2023.0110","article-title":"Core indicators related to the elimination of hepatitis B and C virus infection in South Korea: A nationwide study.","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881100152X","article-title":"The effectiveness of outreach testing for hepatitis C in an immigrant Pakistani population.","volume":"140","author":"Jafferbhoy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S75239","article-title":"A comparison of effectiveness of hepatitis B screening and linkage to care among foreign-born populations in clinical and nonclinical settings.","volume":"8","author":"Chandrasekar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-024-01200-9","article-title":"Effectiveness of test-and-treat model with direct-acting antiviral for hepatitis C virus infection in migrants: a prospective interventional study in Italy.","volume":"13","author":"Coppola","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1108\/F-09-2012-0066","article-title":"KPIs for facility\u2019s performance assessment, Part I: identification and categorization of core indicators.","volume":"32","author":"Lavy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Facilities"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.15.04335-202511141022-R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20476","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020476","article-title":"Using and reporting the Delphi method for selecting healthcare quality indicators: a systematic review.","volume":"6","author":"Boulkedid","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Journal of Global Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jogh.org\/2025\/jogh-15-04335","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T10:54:49Z","timestamp":1763117689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jogh.org\/2025\/jogh-15-04335"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"references-count":49,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.15.04335","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2978","2047-2986"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2978","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-2986","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"article-number":"04335"}}