{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:09:10Z","timestamp":1789139350250,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"International Society of Global Health","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Glob Health"],"DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.16.04195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T14:24:10Z","timestamp":1789136650000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring mortality patterns in Pakistani children and adolescents aged 5\u201319: evidence from a national verbal and social autopsy study"],"prefix":"10.7189","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sajid Bashir","family":"Soofi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imran A","family":"Chauhadry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidrah","family":"Nausheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enas","family":"Mariam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Umer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanila","family":"Nooruddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Atif","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjumand","family":"Rizvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health & Development, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry D","family":"Kalter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for International Programs, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for International Programs, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zulfiqar A","family":"Bhutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health & Development, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"},{"name":"Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4223","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Sustainable Development Goals. 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/about-us\/our-work\/sustainable-development-goals. Accessed: 6 May 2026."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R2","unstructured":"United Nations Children\u2019s Fund. Levels and Trends in Child Mortality, Report 2023. New York, USA: United Nations Children's Fund; 2024. Available: https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/resources\/levels-and-trends-in-child-mortality-2023\/. Accessed: 6 May 2026."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e004760","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-004760","article-title":"Patterns and trends in causes of child and adolescent mortality 2000-2016: setting the scene for child health redesign.","volume":"6","author":"Strong","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e082255","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-082255","article-title":"The spectrum of acute illness and mortality of children and adolescents presenting to emergency services in Sanghar district hospital, Pakistan: a prospective cohort study.","volume":"14","author":"Muttalib","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R5","unstructured":"World Health Organization. The Global Health Observatory. 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho. Accessed: 6 May 2026."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R6","unstructured":"Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. Percentage Distribution of Population by age, sex and area. Islamabad, Pakistan: Pakistan Bureau of Statisitics; 2021. Available: https:\/\/www.pbs.gov.pk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Table_1.pdf. Accessed: 6 May 2026."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14670","article-title":"Social determinants and causes of child mortality in Pakistan: Analysis of national demographic health surveys from 1990 to 2013.","volume":"56","author":"Afshan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60019-7","article-title":"ul Haq I, Mirza YA. Pakistan\u2019s health system: performance and prospects after the 18th Constitutional Amendment.","volume":"381","author":"Nishtar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e337","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00566-0","article-title":"National, regional, and global causes of mortality in 5-19-year-olds from 2000 to 2019: a systematic analysis.","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R10","unstructured":"Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. Pakistan Demographic Survey 2020. Islamabad, Pakistan: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics; 2022. Available: https:\/\/www.pbs.gov.pk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/pakistan_demographic_survey_2020-4-jan-word-final-pdf-1.pdf. Accessed: 6 May 2026."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11749","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191811749","article-title":"Verbal Autopsy as a Tool for Defining Causes of Death in Specific Healthcare Contexts: Study of Applicability through a Traditional Literature Review.","volume":"19","author":"Bailo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-015-0450-4","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of WHO verbal autopsy tool for ascertaining causes of neonatal deaths in the urban setting of Pakistan: a hospital-based prospective study.","volume":"15","author":"Soofi","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R13","first-page":"91","article-title":"Validating the verbal autopsy questionnaire for maternal mortality in Pakistan.","volume":"2","author":"Midhet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci (Qassim)"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e76933","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076933","article-title":"Validation of verbal autopsy tool for ascertaining the causes of stillbirth.","volume":"8","author":"Nausheen","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2003.00475.x","article-title":"Validation of verbal autopsy to determine the cause of 137 neonatal deaths in Karachi, Pakistan.","volume":"17","author":"Marsh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R16","article-title":"A verbal and social autopsy study to improve estimates of mortality determinants in Pakistan: study design and methods.","author":"Chauhadry","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R17","unstructured":"United Nations Children\u2019s Fund Pakistan. National Nutrition Survey 2018. Islamabad, Pakistan: United Nations Children's Fund Pakistan; 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/pakistan\/reports\/national-nutrition-survey-2018-full-report-3-volumes-key-findings-report. Accessed: 6 May 2026."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R18","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Application of ICD-10 for low-resource settings initial cause of death collection. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2018. Available: https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default-source\/child-growth\/icd_10_smol6513fe68-21eb-4936-adc1-6678ce5e7690.pdf?sfvrsn=72bcdb56_1&download=true. Accessed: 6 May 2026."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R19","unstructured":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Update of the JHU\/IIP Social Autopsy Instrument. 2021. Available: https:\/\/publichealth.jhu.edu\/institute-for-international-programs\/update-of-the-jhu\/iip-social-autopsy-instrument. Accessed: 6 May 2026."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R20","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Verbal Autopsy Standards: Ascertaining and attributing causes of death tool. 2022. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/standards\/classifications\/other-classifications\/verbal-autopsy-standards-ascertaining-and-attributing-causes-of-death-tool. Accessed: 6 May 2026."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e066560","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066560","article-title":"Validating the InterVA-5 cause of death analytical tool: using mortality data from the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System in Papua New Guinea.","volume":"13","author":"Pham","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"010415","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.05.010415","article-title":"Direct estimates of national neonatal and child cause-specific mortality proportions in Niger by expert algorithm and physician-coded analysis of verbal autopsy interviews.","volume":"5","author":"Kalter","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R23","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Verbal autopsy standards: the 2022 WHO verbal autopsy instrument. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2017. Available: https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default-source\/classification\/other-classifications\/autopsy\/2022-va-instrument\/verbal-autopsy-standards_2022-who-verbal-autopsy-instrument_v1_final.pdf. Accessed: 6 May 2026."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R24","unstructured":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Global Burden of Disease 2021:Findings from the GBD 2021 Study. 16 May 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/research-analysis\/library\/global-burden-disease-2021-findings-gbd-2021-study. Accessed: 6 May 2026."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R25","unstructured":"National Institute of Population Studies. Pakistan Maternal Mortality Survey 2019. Islamabad, Pakistan: National Institute of Population Studies; 2019. Available: https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/pubs\/pdf\/PR128\/PR128.pdf. Accessed: 6 May 2026."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R26","unstructured":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute. Global efforts to reduce infectious diseases must extend beyond early childhood. 5 July 2023. Available: www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2023\/07\/230704110913.htm. Accessed: 6 May 2026."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00860-7","article-title":"The unfinished agenda of communicable diseases among children and adolescents before the COVID-19 pandemic, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.","volume":"402","author":"Global Burden of Disease 2019 Child and Adolescent Communicable Disease Collaborators","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.4276","article-title":"Global and National Burden of Diseases and Injuries Among Children and Adolescents Between 1990 and 2013: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease 2013 Study.","volume":"170","author":"Global Burden of Disease Pediatrics Collaboration","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00073-6","article-title":"Burden of non-communicable diseases among adolescents aged 10\u201324 years in the EU, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019.","volume":"6","author":"Armocida","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-152","article-title":"Incidence, patterns and severity of reported unintentional injuries in Pakistan for persons five years and older: results of the National Health Survey of Pakistan 1990-94.","volume":"7","author":"Fatmi","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2003.05.003","article-title":"The burden of road traffic injuries in developing countries: the 1st national injury survey of Pakistan.","volume":"118","author":"Ghaffar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08523-w","article-title":"Child and adolescent injury burden in the eastern mediterranean region: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease 1990-2017.","volume":"20","author":"Al-Hajj","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R33","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Health Estimates. 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/global-health-estimates. Accessed: 6 May 2026."},{"key":"key-10.7189\/jogh.16.04195-202609111028-R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70227-X","article-title":"Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis.","volume":"2","author":"Say","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Global Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jogh.org\/2026\/jogh-16-04195","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T14:24:18Z","timestamp":1789136658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jogh.org\/2026\/jogh-16-04195"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"references-count":34,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.16.04195","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2978","2047-2986"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2978","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-2986","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"article-number":"04195"}}